Chemistry of Life: Topics 4,5,6 vocab

Question 1

disaccharides

Answer 1

sugars with 2 monosaccharides; carbohydrate

Question 2

Amino acids

Answer 2

combination of amino and carboxyl; many of these form polypeptide chains

Question 3

Polypeptide

Answer 3

a long chain of amino acids; form proteins

Question 4

Cellulose

Answer 4

forms cell wall of plants

Question 5

polymer

Answer 5

composed of multiple macromolecules

Question 6

primary structure of a protein

Answer 6

linear chain of amino acids; determined via genes

Question 7

secondary structure

Answer 7

coils and folds due to hydrogen bonding

Question 8

Tertiary Structure

Answer 8

3D folding due to interaction between the side chains of the amino acids; hydrophobic interactions

Question 9

Quaternary Structure

Answer 9

2 or more polypeptides; only happens in some proteins

Question 10

Lipids

Answer 10

do not include true polymers; non polar (hydrophobic)

Question 11

Fatty Acids

Answer 11

long carbon chains (carboxyl group at the end)

Question 12

Fats

Answer 12

composed of glycerol and fatty acids

Question 13

Amino Acids

Answer 13

molecules with amino (NH2) and carboxyl (COOH) groups

Question 14

Protein

Answer 14

consists of polypeptides in a 3D shape

Question 15

Antiparallel

Answer 15

strands of DNA run opposite each other

Question 16

DNA

Answer 16

2 polynucleotides; double helix structure

Question 17

RNA

Answer 17

single saturated polynucleotide

Question 18

nucleotide

Answer 18

phosphate group added to 5 carbon sugar

Question 19

nucleoside

Answer 19

5 carbon sugar (no phosphate group)

Question 20

nucleic acid

Answer 20

polymers made of nucleotide monomers

Question 21

pyrimidines

Answer 21

1 ring with 6 atoms (nucleic base)

Question 22

purines

Answer 22

1 ring with 6 atoms bonded to 1 ring with 5 atoms

Question 23

Gene

Answer 23

sequences of DNA arranged into chromosomes