Chemistry of Life: Topics 1,2,3 vocab

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

A substance that has mass and takes up space

Question 2

Element

Answer 2

a chemical substance that cannot be split any further by chemical reactions

Question 3

Electronegativity

Answer 3

the tendency of an atom to attract electrons to a molecule

Question 4

Atomic Number

Answer 4

Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Question 5

Atomic mass

Answer 5

total mass of particles of matter in an atom

Question 6

Octet Rule

Answer 6

the tendency of atoms to prefer to have eight electron in the valence shell

Question 7

Chemical Bonds

Answer 7

association of atoms or ions to form structures

Question 8

Compound

Answer 8

Something composed of 2 or more separate elements

Question 9

Covalent Bonds

Answer 9

the interatomic linkage that results from the sharing of an electron pair between 2 atoms

Question 10

nonpolar covalent bonds

Answer 10

a type of bond that occurs when 2 atoms share a pair of electrons

Question 11

Polar covalent bonds

Answer 11

exists when atoms with different electronegativities share electrons in a covalent bond

Question 12

ionic bonds

Answer 12

when positively a charged ion forms a bond with a negatively charged ion; one ion donates an electron

Question 13

adhesion

Answer 13

binding of 2 or more cells together or off a cell to a surface

Question 14

cohesion

Answer 14

the act, state, or process of sticking together of a like molecules

Question 15

capillary action

Answer 15

the movement of a liquid through or ions a long another material against an opposing force, such a gravity

Question 16

Solvent

Answer 16

substance with the ability to dissolve other substances

Question 17

solution

Answer 17

a homogenous mixture of one or more solutes dissolved in a solvent

Question 18

solute

Answer 18

a substance that be dissolved in a solution by a solvent

Question 19

pH (acid vs. base)

Answer 19

measure of the acidity or basicity of aqueous or other liquid solution. 0-6 is acidic, 7 is neutral, 8-14 is basic

Question 20

buffer

Answer 20

a solution capable of maintaining a stable pH when a small amount of additional acid or base is added to it

Question 21

Elements that up nearly all living things

Answer 21

CHONPS

Question 22

functional groups

Answer 22

a group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reaction of a particular compound

Question 23

organic chemistry

Answer 23

the study of carbon-containing compounds

Question 24

Organic Compounds

Answer 24

a chemical compound that contains a carbon-hydrogen or carbon-carbon bond; contains carbon

Question 25

hydrocarbons

Answer 25

compound of hydrogen and carbon; is an organic compound

Question 26

macromolecule

Answer 26

molecule with a large number of atoms; carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins

Question 27

dehydration reaction

Answer 27

when two molecules are join by removing an H2O molecule

Question 28

hydrolysis

Answer 28

the chemical breakdown of a compound due to a reaction with water

Question 29

polymer

Answer 29

a substance or material that consists of very large molecules

Question 30

monomer

Answer 30

a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer