Chemistry of Life - ch 2

Question 1

anything that occupies space & has mass

Answer 1

matter

Question 2

the smallest unit of matter

Answer 2

atom

Question 3

• particles of matter that are composed of one or more atoms

- basic units of matter

Answer 3

molecules

Question 4

subatomic particles

Answer 4

• protons
• electrons
• neutrons

Question 5

-type of charge-

protons, electrons, neutrons

Answer 5

positive, negative, neutral

Question 6

• core of each atom

- composed of protons & neutrons

Answer 6

nucleus

Question 7

“electron orbit”

Answer 7

energy shell

Question 8

the number of protons in the nucleus

Answer 8

atomic number

Question 9

the number of protons & neutrons combined

Answer 9

atomic mass

Question 10

• pure substances

- 96% of body weight

Answer 10

elements

Question 11

substances whose molecules have more than one element in them

Answer 11

compounds

Question 12

form to make atoms more stable

Answer 12

chemical bonds

Question 13

• donates “gives away” electrons

- positive & negative

Answer 13

ionic bonds

Question 14

• dissolve easily in water

- water molecules are attracted to ions & wedge between the ions (forcing them apart)

Answer 14

ionic compounds

Question 15

compounds that form ions when dissolved in water

Answer 15

electrolytes

Question 16

• share electrons
• strong bonds
• don’t break apart in water

Answer 16

covalent bonds

Question 17

-very weak attraction that helps hold your body together

Answer 17

hydrogen bonds

Question 18

when water is the solvent for a mixture

Answer 18

aqueous solution

Question 19

• water disrupts the bonds in large molecules causing them to be broken down into smaller molecules
• more water

Answer 19

hydrolysis

Question 20

• chemical process of making energy in the body

- picks up nutrients from food to provide energy

Answer 20

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 21

energy released during ATP to do work in cells

Answer 21

adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

Question 22

a substance acted upon & changed by an enzyme

Answer 22

substrate

Question 23

made up of a phosphate unit, a sugar & a nitrogen base

Answer 23

nucleotides

Question 24

• “master code”

- double helix

Answer 24

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Question 25

"working copy" of a portion of the DNA code

Answer 25

ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Question 26

tough, waterproof fibers in outer layer of the skin

Answer 26

keratin

Question 27

fibrous protein that holds tissues together

Answer 27

collagen

Question 28

- very large | - repairs muscle & builds tissue

Answer 28

proteins

Question 29

- a steroid lipid | - makes hormones

Answer 29

cholesterol

Question 30

- has a head & two tails | - head attracts water & tails repel water

Answer 30

phospholipids

Question 31

- formed by glycerol - stored as fat - can be saturated or unsaturated

Answer 31

triglycerides

Question 32

types of lipids

Answer 32

- triglycerides - phospholipids - steroids

Question 33

types of carbohydrates

Answer 33

- monosaccharides (one) - disaccharides (two) - polysaccharides (three)

Question 34

provide energy

Answer 34

carbohydrates

Question 35

chemicals in the body that maintain pH

Answer 35

buffers

Question 36

- shifts balance against hydrogen | - "less hydrogen"

Answer 36

bases

Question 37

- shifts balance in favor of hydrogen | - "more hydrogen"

Answer 37

acids

Question 38

combination of solvent & solute

Answer 38

solution

Question 39

solution in which compounds are dissolved

Answer 39

solvent