Chemistry Of Life Flashcards
What is the charge of each subatomic particle in a atom
Protons are +
Electrons are -
Neutrons are neutral
Mass number equals
Protons plus neutrons
Protons and neutrons are found
in the nucleus
Electrons are found…
Orbiting the nucleus
Isotopes are
Atoms of the same element, but different number of neutrons. They have the same number of electrons, so they have the same chemical properties (react the same)
Electrons are important becasue
They determine the chemical properties, through electrons configuration (arrangement of electrons), and based on that an atom will either lose gain or share valence electrons during bonding. Once an atom achieve a full outer shell, they are happy and stable
Ionic bonding
Happens between a metal and non metal, the metal will lose an electron (cation) and the non metal will gain an electron (anion) in order to have a full outer shell— 8 electrons (octet rule)
Covalent bonding
Occurs between two non metals, who share electrons
Non polar bonding happen when
A atom equal share electron
Polar covalent bond occurs when
Atoms share electrons unevenly, and the electrons with a higher electronegativity pulls electrons more towards itself
How to determine polarity
Polar if the electronegativity difference is 0.4-1.7
Non polar if the electronegativity is less then 0.4
Greater then 1.7 is ionic
Electronegativity refers
To a atoms able to attract electrons
Dipole is
The charge that occurs when electrons are shared unevenly
The solubility rule
Is like dissolve likes. Polars will dissolve polar, and non polar will dissolve non polars
Hydrophilic (water loving) molecules
Will dissolve in water because they are polar, so as the water, which allow them to form intermolecular bonds with the water molecules
Hydrophobic (water hating) molecules will
Not dissolve in water because they are non polar and cannot create intermolecular bonds with the water molecules
Hydrogen bond is
The strong attraction between a polar molecule and a hydrogen of a another molecule due to the dipoles. Only happens between hydrogen and a molecule of F O N
Cohesion is
The attraction of molecules that are the same substance. Ex since water is polar, it attracts other water molecules, which allows a water droplet to stick together on a leaf
Adhesion is
The attraction of molecules of a different substance. Water climbing up a paper towel
What is van der waals dipole dipole force
It is the force created between two polar molecules, from their opposite dipole charges
What is London dispersion force
It’s the attraction between all molecules, which occurs when electrons randomly move creating positive and negative sides, which attracts their opposite charge of neighbouring molecules
What’s the order from strongest to weakest of the intermolecular forces
Hydrogen
Van der waals dipole dipole
London dispersion force
Atomic number equals
The number of protons or electrons
