Chemistry Of Life

Question 1

compound that releases hydrogen ions (H+) in solution

Answer 1

Acid

Question 2

amount of energy greater than the energy contained in the reactants, which must be overcome for a reaction to proceed

Answer 2

Activation energy

Question 3

Nucleotide containing ribose and an adenine base that is essential in energy transfer

Answer 3

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 4

building block of proteins; characterized by an amino and carboxyl functional groups and a variable side-chain

Answer 4

Amino acid

Question 5

smallest unit of an element that retains the unique properties of that element

Answer 5

Atom

Question 6

compound that accepts hydrogen ions (H+) in solution

Answer 6

Base

Question 7

solution containing a weak acid or a weak base that opposes wide fluctuations in the pH of body fluids

Answer 7

Buffer

Question 8

class of organic compounds built from sugars, molecules containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1-2-1 ratio

Answer 8

Carbohydrate

Question 9

substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being changed in the process

Answer 9

Catalyst

Question 10

form of energy that is absorbed as chemical bonds form, stored as they are maintained, and released as they are broken

Answer 10

Chemical energy

Question 11

liquid mixture in which the solute particles consist of clumps of molecules large enough to scatter light

Answer 11

Colloid

Question 12

substance composed of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds

Answer 12

Compound

Question 13

number of particles within a given space

Answer 13

Concentration

Question 14

type of catabolic reaction in which one or more bonds within a larger molecule are broken, resulting in the release of smaller molecules or atoms

Answer 14

Decomposition reaction

Question 15

change in the structure of a molecule through physical or chemical means

Answer 15

Denaturation

Question 16

deoxyribose-containing nucleotide that stores genetic information

Answer 16

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Question 17

pair of carbohydrate monomers bonded by dehydration synthesis via a glycosidic bond

Answer 17

Disaccharide

Question 18

covalent bond formed within a polypeptide between sulfide groups of sulfur-containing amino acids, for example, cysteine

Answer 18

Disulfide bond

Question 19

subatomic particle having a negative charge and nearly no mass; found orbiting the atom’s nucleus

Answer 19

Electron

Question 20

area of space a given distance from an atom’s nucleus in which electrons are grouped

Answer 20

Electron shell

Question 21

substance that cannot be created or broken down by ordinary chemical means

Answer 21

Element

Question 22

protein or RNA that catalyzes chemical reactions

Answer 22

Enzyme

Question 23

type of chemical reaction in which bonds are both formed and broken, resulting in the transfer of components

Answer 23

Exchange reaction

Question 24

group of atoms linked by strong covalent bonds that tends to behave as a distinct unit in chemical reactions with other atoms

Answer 24

Functional group

Question 25

Lipid compound composed of a glycerol molecule bonded with three fatty acid chains

Answer 25

Triglyceride

Question 26

type of anabolic reaction in which two or more atoms or molecules bond, resulting in the formation of a larger molecule

Answer 26

Synthesis reaction