chemistry of life

Question 1

what is an organic compound

Answer 1

contains carbon, includes lipids proteins, and carbohydrates

Question 2

what are functional groups made up of

Answer 2

amino (NH2), carbonyl (RCOR), carboxyl (COOH), hydroxyl (OH), phosphate(PO4) , sulfhydryl (SH)

Question 3

what is a fat made up of

Answer 3

glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Question 4

amino (NH2), carbonyl (RCOR), carboxyl (COOH), hydroxyl (OH), phosphate(PO4) , sulfhydryl (SH), make up what

Answer 4

functional groups

Question 5

describe saturated fats

Answer 5

bad for you, solidifies at room temp

Question 6

describe unsaturated fats

Answer 6

better for you, liquifies at room temp

Question 7

what are steroids

Answer 7

lipids whose structures resemble chicken wire fence, includes cholesterol and sex hormones

Question 8

what are phospholipids

Answer 8

glycerol + 2 fatty acids + 1 phosphate group, make up membrane bilayers of cells, have hydrophobic interiors and hydrophilic exteriors

Question 9

glycerol + 2 fatty acids + 1 phosphate group, make up what

Answer 9

phospholipid

Question 10

what are uses of carbohydrates

Answer 10

used for energy and structure

Question 11

name a monosccharide

Answer 11

glucose

Question 12

examples of a disaccharide

Answer 12

sucrose, maltose, lactose

Question 13

common polysaccharides

Answer 13

starch, glycogen, chitin, and cellulose

Question 14

what is a protein made of

Answer 14

made by ribosomes out of amino acids,

Question 15

what are the functions of a protein

Answer 15

transport, enzymes, cell signals, receptor molecules, structural components, and channels

Question 16

amino acid

Answer 16

molecules that combine to form protiens

Question 17

amphipathic

Answer 17

chemical compounds that have both polar and non-polar regions, giving them hydrophilic and lipophilic properties

Question 18

carbohydrate

Answer 18

contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. source of energy and structure

Question 19

carbon

Answer 19

primary component of macromolecules

Question 20

denaturation

Answer 20

he unfolding or breaking up of a protein, modifying its standard three-dimensional structure

Question 21

ester bond

Answer 21

The bond that forms between the oxygen and carbon atoms

Question 22

fibrous protein

Answer 22

mechanically strong and resistant to solubilization in water, often play a structural role in nature.

Question 23

globular protein

Answer 23

a protein that is water-soluble and shaped like a sphere or a globe upon folding

Question 24

hydrogen bond

Answer 24

he electromagnetic attraction created between a partially positively charged hydrogen atom attached to a highly electronegative atom and another nearby electronegative atom

Question 25

ion

Answer 25

an atom or group of atoms that has an electric charge

Question 26

lipid

Answer 26

fatty, waxy, or oily compounds that are soluble in organic solvents and insoluble in polar solvents such as water

Question 27

macromolecule

Answer 27

large cellular components abundantly obtained naturally and are responsible for varieties of essential functions for the growth and survival of living organisms

Question 28

monomer

Answer 28

atoms or small molecules that bond together to form more complex structures such as polymers

Question 29

monosaccharide

Answer 29

the simplest forms of sugar and the most basic units (monomers) from which all carbohydrates are built

Question 30

nitrogen

Answer 30

key building blocks of proteins. It is also found in other important biomolecules, such as ATP and nucleic acids.

Question 31

non-polar molecule

Answer 31

molecules that do not have any electrical charges or partial charges

Question 32

nucleic acid

Answer 32

a major function of nucleic acids involves the storage and expression of genomic information.

Question 33

nucelotide

Answer 33

the basic building block of nucleic acids (RNA and DNA)

Question 34

organic molecule

Answer 34

a complex molecule that is primarily made of carbon atoms bonded with other elements and/or other carbon atoms

Question 35

peptide bond

Answer 35

Peptide bonds are the vital links that connect amino acids to form polypeptide chains, which fold into functional proteins.

Question 36

phospholipid

Question 37

polar molecule

Question 38

polymer

Question 39

what is a glycosidic bond

Answer 39

The covalent bond formed between a carbohydrate and Another molecule is called a glycosidic bond.

Question 40

what are polysaccharides

Answer 40

Polysaccharides are long chains of monosaccharides that can be either linear or branched.