Chemistry Of Life Flashcards
Unit 1
Water
Polar
What does it mean when something is polar? How does it interact?
Covalent bonds can be polar, meaning atoms unequall share electrons. Polar atoms have particale charges and hydrogen bonds.
EX: Water has Polar Covalent Bond.
Water
Non-Polar
What does it mean when something is non-polar? How does it interact?
Covalent bonds can be Non-Polar, meaning atoms share electron equally and do not have a charge.
EX: Oxygen has a non-polar colvanet bond between two oxygen molecules.
Water
Cohesion
What is cohesion? What does it do as a properity of water?
Cohesion is the tendaency of water molecules to stick together due to hydrogen bonding.
Water
Adhesion
What does it do as a properity of water?
Adhesion is the ability of water molicules to stick to other surfaces.
H2o’s partical charge allows attraction between other polar surfaces.
Water
Hydrophilic
What does it mean to be hydrophilic? What is an example?
Hydrophilic molecules are attracted to water. The head of phosophlipids are hydrophilic and go on the outside of cell membrane to intract with water.
(and tend to dissolve better in water than non hydrophilic molecules)
Water
Hydrophobic
What does mean to be hydrophobic? What is an example?
Hydrophobic molecules repel water. Phospholipid tails are hydrophobic and create the shape of the membrane.
Water
Surface Tension
What causes surface tension?
Surface tension is the interaction between water and air, water at the surface of a body of water has stronger hydrogen bonds. Allowing light weight things to land on the water.
(this is why belly flops hurt)
Water
Evaportaion
What is the process of evaporation
Evaprotaion is turning water to vapor.
Elements of Life
CHNOPS
What does it stand for???
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, And Sulfur
Elements of Life
Biotic
What does it mean when something is biotic?
Biotic factors are all living organisms from animals and humans, to plants, fungi, and bacteria.
Elements of Life
Abiotic
What does it mean when something is abiotic?
Abiotic factors are all the non-living factors present in an ecosystem. Sunlight, water and land
Molecules
Monomer
What is a monomer? Name an example.
A molecule that is a building block for larger molecules (polymers)
Protiens - amino acids
Carbohydrates - monosaccharides
Nucliec Acids - Nucleotide
Lipid - glycerol and fatty acids
Molecules
Polymer
What is a polymer? Name an example.
Monomers bond togther to form Polymers
Protiens - Polypeptides
Carbohydrates - Monosacchrides>Dissacchairds>Polysaccharides
Nucleic Acids - DNA/RNA strand
Lipid - Steriods/Phospholipids/Triglycerides
Molecules
Hydrolysis Reaction
What is it?
The process of adding water to break a covalent bond.
Molecules
Condensation Reaction
The process of removing a water molecules from two monosaccharids to form ONE covalent bond.
Also known as Dehydration Synthesis
Molecules
Sacchar-
What does this refer to?
Sacchar- is also going to refer to a carbohydrate sugar.
(-Saccharide means Carb)
MACROMOLECULES
Carbohydrate
What CHNOPS does it have? What do they look like? What do they do?
Carbohydrates makes glycogen (for humans) and Startch (for of plants)
Contains: Carbon - Hydrogen - Oxygen
They are long chains.
Macromolecules
Fatty Acids
What is it? What does it do? What are the types
Fatty acids are lipids, with long hydrocarbon chains with a carboxyl (C+O) group at the end.
Carboxyl are polar because of the oxygen.
There are two types for Fatty Acids:
-Single bonds - Saturated fats - Solid at room temp. (In animals)
-Double bond - Unsaturated fats - liquid at room temp. (In plants and fish)
Macromolecules
Lipids
What CHNOPS does it have? What do they look like? What do they do?
Lipids help with moving and storing energy, absorbing vitamins and making hormones. They make FATTY ACIDS, STERIODS, and PHOSPHOLIPIDS.
Contains: Carbon - Hydrogen - Oxygen
Lipids are hydrophopic.
Steriods are rings of carbons cholestrol with polar and non-polar ends, they are important to cell mebrane strucure.
Phosolipids are multple fatty acid chains attacty to a glycerol with hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends. That make up cell membrane. (We love phospholipids)
Macromoleuces
Protiens
What CHNOPS does it have? What do they look like? What do they do?
Protiens make amino acids that build and repair muscles and bones and to make hormones and enzymes
Carbon-Hyrdogen-Nitrogen-Oxygen-Sulfur(Somtimes for a di-sulfide bridge)
Proteins have a NCC backbone with a R-group to identify the protien.
Polar protiens have a +/- charged r-group or a strong element at the bottom (NOPS). They are on the extirioer of portien because they interact.
Non-Polar protiens has a r-group with hydrocarbons because they are neutral and are in the interior protein for structure.
Macromolecules
Nucleic Acids
What CHNOPS does it have? What do they look like? What do they do?
Nucleic Acids is what makes DNA and RNA.
Contains: Carbon - Hydrogen - Nitrogen - Oxygen
Nucleic Acids make the nucleotide, a phosophate group, a pentosugar and a Nitrogenous bases.
