Chemistry Of Life

Question 1

Water

Polar

What does it mean when something is polar? How does it interact?

Answer 1

Covalent bonds can be polar, meaning atoms unequall share electrons. Polar atoms have particale charges and hydrogen bonds.

EX: Water has Polar Covalent Bond.

Question 2

Water

Non-Polar

What does it mean when something is non-polar? How does it interact?

Answer 2

Covalent bonds can be Non-Polar, meaning atoms share electron equally and do not have a charge.

EX: Oxygen has a non-polar colvanet bond between two oxygen molecules.

Question 3

Water

Cohesion

What is cohesion? What does it do as a properity of water?

Answer 3

Cohesion is the tendaency of water molecules to stick together due to hydrogen bonding.

Question 4

Water

Adhesion

What does it do as a properity of water?

Answer 4

Adhesion is the ability of water molicules to stick to other surfaces.

H2o’s partical charge allows attraction between other polar surfaces.

Question 5

Water

Hydrophilic

What does it mean to be hydrophilic? What is an example?

Answer 5

Hydrophilic molecules are attracted to water. The head of phosophlipids are hydrophilic and go on the outside of cell membrane to intract with water.

(and tend to dissolve better in water than non hydrophilic molecules)

Question 6

Water

Hydrophobic

What does mean to be hydrophobic? What is an example?

Answer 6

Hydrophobic molecules repel water. Phospholipid tails are hydrophobic and create the shape of the membrane.

Question 7

Water

Surface Tension

What causes surface tension?

Answer 7

Surface tension is the interaction between water and air, water at the surface of a body of water has stronger hydrogen bonds. Allowing light weight things to land on the water.

(this is why belly flops hurt)

Question 8

Water

Evaportaion

What is the process of evaporation

Answer 8

Evaprotaion is turning water to vapor.

Question 9

Elements of Life

CHNOPS

What does it stand for???

Answer 9

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, And Sulfur

Question 10

Elements of Life

Biotic

What does it mean when something is biotic?

Answer 10

Biotic factors are all living organisms from animals and humans, to plants, fungi, and bacteria.

Question 11

Elements of Life

Abiotic

What does it mean when something is abiotic?

Answer 11

Abiotic factors are all the non-living factors present in an ecosystem. Sunlight, water and land

Question 12

Molecules

Monomer

What is a monomer? Name an example.

Answer 12

A molecule that is a building block for larger molecules (polymers)

Protiens - amino acids
Carbohydrates - monosaccharides
Nucliec Acids - Nucleotide
Lipid - glycerol and fatty acids

Question 13

Molecules

Polymer

What is a polymer? Name an example.

Answer 13

Monomers bond togther to form Polymers

Protiens - Polypeptides
Carbohydrates - Monosacchrides>Dissacchairds>Polysaccharides
Nucleic Acids - DNA/RNA strand
Lipid - Steriods/Phospholipids/Triglycerides

Question 14

Molecules

Hydrolysis Reaction

What is it?

Answer 14

The process of adding water to break a covalent bond.

Question 15

Molecules

Condensation Reaction

Answer 15

The process of removing a water molecules from two monosaccharids to form ONE covalent bond.

Also known as Dehydration Synthesis

Question 16

Molecules

Sacchar-

What does this refer to?

Answer 16

Sacchar- is also going to refer to a carbohydrate sugar.

(-Saccharide means Carb)

Question 17

MACROMOLECULES

Carbohydrate

What CHNOPS does it have? What do they look like? What do they do?

Answer 17

Carbohydrates makes glycogen (for humans) and Startch (for of plants)

Contains: Carbon - Hydrogen - Oxygen

They are long chains.

Question 18

Macromolecules

Fatty Acids

What is it? What does it do? What are the types

Answer 18

Fatty acids are lipids, with long hydrocarbon chains with a carboxyl (C+O) group at the end.

Carboxyl are polar because of the oxygen.

There are two types for Fatty Acids:
-Single bonds - Saturated fats - Solid at room temp. (In animals)
-Double bond - Unsaturated fats - liquid at room temp. (In plants and fish)

Question 19

Macromolecules

Lipids

What CHNOPS does it have? What do they look like? What do they do?

Answer 19

Lipids help with moving and storing energy, absorbing vitamins and making hormones. They make FATTY ACIDS, STERIODS, and PHOSPHOLIPIDS.

Contains: Carbon - Hydrogen - Oxygen

Lipids are hydrophopic.

Steriods are rings of carbons cholestrol with polar and non-polar ends, they are important to cell mebrane strucure.

Phosolipids are multple fatty acid chains attacty to a glycerol with hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends. That make up cell membrane. (We love phospholipids)

Question 20

Macromoleuces

Protiens

What CHNOPS does it have? What do they look like? What do they do?

Answer 20

Protiens make amino acids that build and repair muscles and bones and to make hormones and enzymes

Carbon-Hyrdogen-Nitrogen-Oxygen-Sulfur(Somtimes for a di-sulfide bridge)

Proteins have a NCC backbone with a R-group to identify the protien.
Polar protiens have a +/- charged r-group or a strong element at the bottom (NOPS). They are on the extirioer of portien because they interact.
Non-Polar protiens has a r-group with hydrocarbons because they are neutral and are in the interior protein for structure.

Question 21

Macromolecules

Nucleic Acids

What CHNOPS does it have? What do they look like? What do they do?

Answer 21

Nucleic Acids is what makes DNA and RNA.

Contains: Carbon - Hydrogen - Nitrogen - Oxygen

Nucleic Acids make the nucleotide, a phosophate group, a pentosugar and a Nitrogenous bases.