Cellular Energetics Flashcards
Unit 3
bruh why doesn’t this unit match
1st law of thermodynamics
Exaplin what it means and why it matters.
Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be converted from one form to another
2nd law of thermodynamics
Explain what it means and why it matters.
Heat cannot move from a reservoir of lower temperature to a reservoir of higher temperature in a cyclic process
Absorption spectrum (light)
What is it and why does it matter?
Dark lines or gaps in the spectrum corresponding to wavelengths that are absorbed by the gas.
Actyle CoA
What is it? Photosynethis or cellular respiration?
To deliver the acetyl group to the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) to be oxidized for energy production.
PHOTOSYTHENTHESIS (look for sheet of paper)
Made inmitochondrial matrix through a process called beta-oxidation by breakdown of fatty acids
Action spectrum
Activation Energy
What is it? What interacts with it?
The minimum quantity of energy which the reacting species must possess in order to undergo a specified reaction.
Enzymes provide necessary activiation enery for bio reactions to occure.
Active Site
Where is it and what happens here?
The active site is the specific loaction where a substrate attaches
Must be a lock and key to work properly.
Inhibitor or cofactors can change the shape or block the active site from binding to the substrate.
ADP
What is it and how is it different than ATP?
Adenosine DiPhosphate is a molecule that is involved in transferring and providing cells with energy.
When ATP loses a phosphate it converts to ADP
Aerobic Resporation
Photosynethis or cellular respiration? What does it mean
Alcoholic Fermination
What is it? Photosynethis or cellular respiration?
Anabolic
Photosynethis or cellular respiration? What is it?
Anabolic pathways are when energy is consumed to build comples molecules from simpler molecules.
ATP Synthase
What is it? What does it do? Photosynethis or cellular respiration?
Autotroph
Photosynethis or cellular respiration? What is it?
Calvin Cycle
(Light Independant Reactions)
Explain this proces. Photosynethis or cellular respiration?
Carbon Dioxide
What is its chemical forumla?
An important heat-trapping gas, also known as a greenhouse gas, that comes from the extraction and burning of fossil fuels
CO2
Catabolic
What does it mean? Give an example.
Catalyst
What does it mean? What does it refer to?
A chemical agent that speeds up a reaction without being conusumed by the reaction, like heat.
Enzymes are a biological catalysts
Chemiosmosis
huh?
The movement of ions across a semipermeable membrane bound structure, down their electrochemical gradient.
EX: the movement (H+) across a membrane during cellular resp or photos
Cellular Respiriation
Explain what it means. Photosynethis or cellular respiration?
Chlorophyll
Where is it and what does it do? Photosynethis or cellular respiration?
The green pigment of plants in the thylakoid membrane
Coenzyme
What is it? What does it do?
Competivie Inhibition
What does it mean and what does it do?
Electrochemical Gradient
Electron
Electon acceptor
Electron Carrier Molecule
Electron Transport Chain.
(ETC)
Photosynethis or cellular respiration? What is it? Where is it?
Endergonic Reaction
What causes it and what happends after? Photosynethis or cellular respir
Endothermic
What does it mean?
Energy Coupling and Energy Decoupling
Enzyme
Exergonic Reaction
FADH2
Photosynethis or cellular respiration? What is it?
Glucose
Photosynethis or cellular respiration? What is it? Chemical forumla?
The main sugar found in your blood. It is your body’s primary source of energy. It comes from the food you eat. Your body breaks down most of that food into glucose and releases it into your bloodstream. When your blood glucose goes up, it signals your pancreas to release insulin.
C6H12O6
Glycolysis
Photosynethis or cellular respiration? What is it?
Glycolysis is when glucose breaks down into pyruvate.
Gly - Glucose
Lysis - to decomposition, dissolving or loosening.
Inner memebrane
Inorganic Phosphate
Intermembrane Space
Krebs Cycle
(Citric Acid Cycle)
Lactic Acid Fermintation
Light Reaction
(Light Dependant Reactions)
Metaboilsm
What does it mean
The totallity of an organism’s chemicals reactions
Metabolic pathways are series of reactions catalyed by enzymes that startes with a specific molecules and ends with a product.
NAD+
Photosynethis or cellular respiration? What is it?
NADH
Photosynethis or cellular respiration? What is it?
NADP+
Photosynethis or cellular respiration? What is it?
NADPH
Photosynethis or cellular respiration? What is it?
Negative Feedback
What does it do and give an example
Reactions to return something back to its set point to maintain homeostatsis. EX: Body Temperature regulation with sweating and shivering.
A cycle of starting with a stimulus then a signal sendt then a response and then the stimulus is either decreased or increased to return to normal.
Positive Feedback
What does it do and give an example.
Positive feedback cause amplifcation. EX: when apples rippen it realases ethylene causes more apples to rippen.
A cycle that starts with by being at normal and then a stimulus is activated and a single is sent and the response acts and a new stimulus and so on.
Outer Memebrane
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Phosphorilation
and Photophophorilation
Photosynethsis
Photosytems I and II
Proton (H+)
Pyruvate
Stomata
What is it and what does it do?
The minute pores in a leaf or stem of a plant, that allows movement of gases in and out of the intercellular spaces.
Stroma
Substrate-level Phosphoriliation
Thylakoid Membrane
Wavelength
