Chemistry Of Life

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Anything that takes up space and has mass

Question 2

Element

Answer 2

The simplest format matter, cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions

Question 3

Elements of life

Answer 3

Oxygen, Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium,phosphorus

Question 4

Oxygen

Answer 4

65% of body weight part of water; needed for cellular respiration

Question 5

Carbon

Answer 5

18.6% of body weight, backbone of all organic molecules

Question 6

Hydrogen

Answer 6

9.7%. of body weight, found in nearly every compound in the body

Question 7

Nitrogen

Answer 7

3.2% of body weight, part of proteins and nucleic acids

Question 8

Calcium

Answer 8

1.8% of body weight bones, teeth used nerve impulses and to signal muscle contraction

Question 9

Phosphorus

Answer 9

10 of body weight bones, teeth chuckle acids, and ATP (energy molecule)

Question 10

Atoms

Answer 10

Basic units of matter made of protons, electrons and neutrons, consideredthe building blocks of matter

Question 11

Protons

Answer 11

Positively charged particles that determine the atom’s identity

Question 12

Neutrons

Answer 12

Particles that Cary no charge and determine the atom’s mass

Question 13

Electrons

Answer 13

Negatively charged particles with 1/1840 the mass of a protons constantly moving in the space around aveleus and determine how reactive an atom will be with other atoms

Question 14

Two ways to draw an atom

Answer 14

Electron cloud and planetary /electron shell

Question 15

Electron cloud model

Answer 15

More accurate because electrons move too quickly to pinpoint them at any specific location in the atom

Question 16

Planetary electron-shell model

Answer 16

Easier to see electrons and now they interact with other atoms during chemical reactions. Inaccurate because electrons are not stationary and they are not drawn to scale as the atom is mostly empty space

Question 17

Atomic number

Answer 17

Represents the number of protons in the nucleus

Question 18

Mass number/atomic mass

Answer 18

Average atone mass of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus

Question 19

Ions

Answer 19

Atoms that have gained or lost an electron, sometimes called electrolytes

Question 20

Molecules

Answer 20

Two or more elements held together by chemical bonds

Question 21

Compound

Answer 21

Molecule consisting of two or more elements that have chemically combined, may have completely different properties than the elements they are made of

Question 22

Mixtures

Answer 22

Made of compounds or elements that are not chemically combined

Question 23

Valence electrons

Answer 23

Electrons in the outermost shell

Question 24

Octet rule

Answer 24

Atoms tend to interacts with other atoms in such a way that they have eight valence electrons

Question 25

Ionic bond

Answer 25

Formed by the complete transfer of some electrons from one atom to another

Question 26

Covalent bond

Answer 26

The mutual sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms

Question 27

Polar covalent molecules

Answer 27

The result of polar covalent bond(s)and have a negative and positively charged end

Question 28

Hydrogen bond

Answer 28

When opposite charges of two polar compounds attract eachother

Question 29

Properties of water

Answer 29

Cohesion, adhesion, high heat capacity, universal solvent

Question 30

Cohesion

Answer 30

Attraction between molecules and creates surface tension

Question 31

Adhesion

Answer 31

Attraction of molecules to different molecules, makes it “sticky”

Question 32

High heat capacity

Answer 32

Takes a large amount of heat energy to raise the temperature

Question 33

Universal solvent

Answer 33

Can dissolve solutes

Question 34

Acid

Answer 34

Have higher amounts of H+ ions and is between zero and seven on ph scale

Question 35

Bases

Answer 35

Have higher amounts of OH- ions and is between seven and fourteen on ph scale

Question 36

pH scale

Answer 36

Measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution. Lower means higher concentration of hydrogen

Question 37

Blood ph

Answer 37

7.35-7.45

Question 38

Sweat ph

Answer 38

4.0-6.8

Question 39

Saliva ph

Answer 39

6.0