Cell Structure And Function

Question 1

Robert Hooke

Answer 1

First person to observe cells, observed a repeating pattern of pores in a thin slice of cork, didn’t consider them living

Question 2

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

Answer 2

Observed living cells in liquids

Question 3

Cell theory

Answer 3

Cells are the building blocks of all Plants and animals, the smallest functioning units of life, produced through the division of pre-existing cells, maintains homeostasis

Question 4

Cell

Answer 4

A small, membrane enclosed structure filled with an aqueous solution while organelles and other subcellur structures are found

Question 5

Cell membrane/plasma

Answer 5

Contains the cells, made of phospholipids

Question 6

Functions of the plasma membrane

Answer 6

Physical isolation between internal and external environments, regulation of nutrent/waste exchange, sensing changes in the environment or receiving communications signals from other parts of the body and connecting to other cells giving body tissues to a stable structure

Question 7

Phospholipids

Answer 7

A class of lipid where one of the fatty acids is replaced by a phosphate (Po 4 )

Question 8

Hydrophobic

Answer 8

Insoluble in water

Question 9

Hydrophilic

Answer 9

Water-soluble

Question 10

Bilayer

Answer 10

Two molecule thick film of phospholipids heads on outside and tails on inside

Question 11

Receptor proteins

Answer 11

Responds to specific chemical signals

Question 12

Carrier proteins

Answer 12

Transport substances across the cell membrane

Question 13

Enzyme

Answer 13

Aid in chemical reaction

Question 14

Anchoring proteins

Answer 14

Attach the plasma membrane to other structures

Question 15

Recognition proteins

Answer 15

Identify the cell to the immune system as normal or abnormal

Question 16

Selective permeability

Answer 16

Used by the cell membrane to allow certain molecules to pass through and others to not

Question 17

Diffusion

Answer 17

The movement of molecules areas of greater concentration to areas of lower concentration

Question 18

Concentration gradient

Answer 18

The difference between the high and low concentrations

Question 19

Osmosis

Answer 19

The diffusion of water through channel proteins embedded in the cell membrane, direction is determined by the concentration of solvent and solutes m a solution

Question 20

Solutes

Answer 20

Solid substances dissolved in a solution

Question 21

Solvent

Answer 21

The liquid component of the solution

Question 22

Isotonic solutions

Answer 22

The concentration of water molecules is the same inside and outside the cell

Question 23

Hypotonic solutions

Answer 23

There is a greater concentration of water outside the cells causes cell to swell and burst

Question 24

Hypertonic solutions

Answer 24

Has a lower concentration of water than the interior of the cell causes the cell to shrivel

Question 25

Plant cell wall

Answer 25

Outermost layer of plant cells, it provides extra protection to the plant and cohesiveness among neighboring plant cells

Question 26

Prokaryotic cell structures

Answer 26

Not very structured but has a cell membrane, wall and ribosomes