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Revision > Chemistry Module 3 > Flashcards

Chemistry Module 3 Flashcards

0
Q

How does diamond form a giant covalent structure?

A

Each carbon atom forms 4 covalent bonds

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1
Q

What is diamond used for?

A

Jewellery and cutting tools

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2
Q

Why does diamond have a high melting point?

A

Lots of energy needed to break bonds, no free electrons so doesn’t conduct electricity either

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3
Q

What do the carbon atoms in graphite do?

A

Each carbon atom forms 3 covalent bonds which slide over each other to leave a mark-pencil

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4
Q

Why does graphite have a high melting point?

A

Lots of energy needed to break covalent bonds

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5
Q

Why does graphite conduct electricity?

A

3/4 electrons used in bonds, the free electrons conduct electricity

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6
Q

What are the properties of diamond/graphite giant molecular structures

A

Strong, high melting point, doesn’t dissolve in water, diamond doesn’t conduct electricity, graphite does

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7
Q

What are fullerenes?

A

Nanoparticles

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8
Q

Give a use of nanotubes

A

Large surface area so make good industrial catalysts

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9
Q

How do you test water purity?

A

Chromatography

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10
Q

How can you tell a pure substance?

A

Can’t be separated by chromatography as they have specific boiling/melting points

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11
Q

How can you tell an impure substance?

A

Melting point is too low, boiling point too high

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12
Q

Explain batch production and its advantages and disadvantages

A

Batch production only happens at certain times, cost effective as start up costs are low, labour intensive and hard to keep the quality

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13
Q

Explain continuous production and its advantages and disadvantages

A

Continuous production always runs- for Large scale manufacture ie Haber process, no time wasted as its automatic, consistent quality, huge start up costs, not cost effective to run at less than full power

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14
Q

Why are pharmaceutical drugs expensive?

A

Research and development, trialling, manufacture-materials-extract from plants

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15
Q

What is the equation for atom economy?

A

Total Mr of desired products divided by the total Mr of all products x 100

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16
Q

What is atom economy?

A

% of reactants changed to useful products

17
Q

What does percentage yield compare?

A

Actual and predicted yield

18
Q

What is the equation for percentage yield

A

Actual yield (g) divided by predicted yield (g) x 100

19
Q

What does 0% percentage yield mean?

A

No product made

20
Q

How is reactant lost?

A

Evaporation, filtration, transfer of liquids, not all reacts

21
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

When a + ion is attracted to a - ion and they join

22
Q

What is the formula for hydrochloric acid?

A

HCl

23
Q

What is the formula for calcium chloride?

A

CaCl2

24
Q

What is the formula for calcium carbonate?

A

CaCO3

25
Q

What is the formula for sulphuric acid?

A

H2SO4

26
Q

What is the formula for magnesium sulphate?

A

MgSO4

27
Q

What is specific heat capacity?

A

The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree

28
Q

What is the specific heat capacity of water?

A

4.2 j/g/ degrees c

29
Q

What is the calorimetric method?

A

Put fuel in a spirit burner, weigh, measure water into a copper calorimeter, take temperature, put burner under calorimeter, light the wick, when the water temperature has risen by 20-30 degrees, blow out the wick and note the highest temperature of water.

30
Q

What is the equation of energy given out per gram?

A

Energy released (j) divided by mass of fuel burned (g)

31
Q

What is the equation for energy transferred?

A

Energy transferred= mass of water x shc of water x temp change

32
Q

What is an exothermic reaction?

A

A reaction which gives out energy to the surroundings usually heat shown by a rise in temp

33
Q

What is an endothermic reaction?

A

One which takes in energy from the surroundings usually heat shown by a fall in temp

34
Q

How do you measure the amount of energy used?

A

Take the temp of reactants, mixing them and taking the temperature again

35
Q

Give an example of an exothermic reaction

A

Adding acid to alkali

36
Q

Give an example of am endothermic reaction

A

Dissolving ammonium nitrate

37
Q

What kind of reaction is bond breaking?

A

Endothermic

38
Q

What kind of reaction is bond making?

A

Exothermic

39
Q

What happens to the mass in a chemical reaction?

A

Mass is conserved, no atoms are lost or gained

Revision (10 decks)

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