Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Structure and Function of the Human Body > Chemistry & Metabolism > Flashcards

Chemistry & Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

Elements are composed of:

A

Nucleus(Neutrons,Protons) and Electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Protons

A

Positive charge; Found in the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Neutrons

A

No charge; Found in the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Electrons

A

Charge, circulate around nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Chemical Bonding: Ionic Bonding

A

Occurs when one atom transfers one of more electrons from its outer shell to another atom’s outer shell of electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Chemical Bonding: Covalent Bonds

A

Occur when two or more atoms share electrons between each other
-Makes their outer shells stables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which is the strongest out of the chemical bonds?

A

Covalent bonds is the STRONGEST out of three types of chemical bonding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Chemical Bonding: Hydrogen Bonding

A

Weak attraction between a slightly positive charged hydrogen atom (H+) in one molecule with a slightly negatively charged oxygen (O-) or nitrogen (N-) atom in another molecule
-Seen in water molecules and within the structures of DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which are the weakest out of all the chemical bonds?

A

Hydrogen Bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Energy

A

The capacity to do work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Metabolism

A

All of the chemical reactions in the body.
Two types:
-Catabolism
-Anabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Metabolism: Catabolism

A

The chemical reactions that break down larger substances/compounds into smaller ones.
-When covalent bonds are broken, energy is released

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Examples of Catabolism

A

Breaking down food molecules into smaller components

***Chemical breakdown of ATP to release energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Metabolism: Anabolism

A

The chemical reactions that create larger and more complex molecules from smaller molecules and elements
***This process requires the use of energy by creating covalent chemical bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Examples of Anabolism

A

Using smaller molecules to make more complex such as hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

pH Scale

A

Technically measurement of hydrogen ion concentration in a solution
-Measures the acidity or alkalinity
-Ranges from 0-14
7 is neutral; anything below 7 is acidic; higher than 7 is basic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Organic Substances

A

Chemically contain the element Carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Inorganic Substances

A

Does not contain he element carbon (Salt, water, Calcium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Four Classifications of organic substances

A

1) Carbohydrates
2) Lipids
3) Proteins
4) Nucleic Acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Organic Substances: Carbohydrates

A

(More commonly known as sugars)

-Main source of energy for the body’s cells

21
Q

Three types of Carbohydrates

A

1) Monosaccharides
2) Disaccharides
3) Polysaccharides

22
Q

Carbohydrates - Disaccharides

A

Consist of two monosaccharides bonded together

23
Q

Examples of Disaccharides

A

Sugar: Consists of glucose + fructose bonded together
Lactose: Consists of glucose + galactose

24
Q

Carbohydrates - Polysaccharides

A
  • Commonly called Complex sugars

- Consists of three of more monosaccharides bonded together

25
Q

Types of Polysaccharides

A
  • Glycogen
  • Starch
  • Cellulose
26
Q

Polysaccharides: Glycogen

A

Storage form of glucose within the human body

27
Q

Polysaccharides:Starch

A

Storage form of glucose within plants

28
Q

Polysaccharides:Cellulose

A
  • Found in plants - used for structurally support

- Humans cannot digest it

29
Q

Organic Substances: Lipids

A

Main storage form for energy within the human body

*Commonly referred to as fats

30
Q

Types of Lipids

A
  • Triglycerides (Unsaturated or Saturated fats)
  • Steroids (Cholesterol)
  • Phospholipids (found in cell membranes)
31
Q

Organic Substances: Proteins

A

Most abundant, most important, and most versatile organic compound

32
Q

Examples of proteins (Structurally and Metabolically)

A

Muscle contraction, immune function, hormones, transport, enzymes

33
Q

Proteins Make up

A

Composed of 20 amino acids

12 can be made by the body, 8 have to be retrieved from diet

34
Q

Cellular Respiration

A

Process in which the cell converts biochemical energy from variousnutrients into Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

35
Q

Two types of cellular respiration

A
  • Aerobic (with oxygen)

- Anaerobic (without oxygen)

36
Q

ATP Vitality

A

Vital to fuel life processes:

  • Movement - muscle contractions
  • Cellular functions- active transport
  • Chemical reactions (metabolism)
37
Q

Cellular Respiration: Aerobic

A

Consists of multiple chemical reactions (Majority take place in mitochondria)

38
Q

Aerobic Respiration ATP Equation

A

O2 + Glucose = ATP + CO2 + H2O

-Net gain of 36 ATP molecules

39
Q

Cellular Respiration: Anaerobic

A

Is utilized when the cell is deficient in oxygen molecules

40
Q

Anaerobic Respiration ATP Equation

A

O2+ Glucose= ATP + Lactic acid + CO2

-Net gain of 2 ATP molecules

41
Q

Cellular Respiration

A

Glucose if first choice but if not available fats and proteins with metabolize to make ATP

42
Q

Lipid Metabolism

A

Mainly occur in mitochondria

Ketones bodies are a byproduct; make breath and urine smell fruity

43
Q

Protein Metabolism

A

Get excessive urea (nitrogen waste) production

44
Q

Nucleic Acids

A

Composed of nucleotides which are composed of three parts:

  • Nitrogen base
  • 5 carbon sugar
  • phosphate
45
Q

Three parts of Nucleic Acids

A

1) Nitrogen base
2) 5 carbon sugar
3) phosphate

46
Q

DNA

A

Composed of nucleic acids

Our genetic code and is found in the nucleus of each cell

47
Q

Made up of nucleic acids

A

DNA, RNA, ATP

48
Q

Nucleic Acids -ATP

A

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

49
Q

ATP

A

Body energy source

Glucose is primarily used, then lipids, then proteins

Structure and Function of the Human Body (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions