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Structure and Function of the Human Body > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What are Cells?

A

Cells are the smallest structural and functional living unit.

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2
Q

How many cells does the human body have?

A

The human body has over 100 trillion cells.

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3
Q

Four common characteristics of human cells

A
  1. Plasma Membrane
  2. Cytoplasm
  3. Organelles
  4. Nucleus
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4
Q

What are the functions of cells?

A
  • Cells perform all of the processes that sustain life.

- Each cell has a different function.

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5
Q

Examples of processes cells perform

A
  • Respiration
  • Movement
  • Reproduction
  • Digestion
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6
Q

Examples of cell functions:

A
  • Immune cells
  • liver cells
  • muscle cells
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7
Q

Cell Membrane Transport

A
  • Vital component to cell function and ability to live
  • Transport nutrients into the cell
  • Transports waste products out of cell
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8
Q

Two types of cell membrane transport

A

1) Passive: No energy required

2) Active Transport: Uses ATP to move solutes and/or substances across the plasma membrane

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9
Q

Passive Transport: Diffusion

A

Molecules or ions move from HIGH concentration to LOW concentration until reaching equilibrium

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10
Q

Two types of diffusion

A

1) Facilitated Diffusion: Needs a facilitated carrier like a protein channel
2) Osmosis: Through a permeable membrane; Can disrupt cell volume

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11
Q

Passive Transport: Osmosis

A

A) Isotonic Solutions
B) Hypertonic Solutions
C) Hypotonic Solutions

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12
Q

Passive Transport: Isotonic Solutions

A

Cells retain their normal size and shape in isotonic solutions (salme solute/water concentration as inside cells; water moves in and out)

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13
Q

Passive Transport: Hypertonic Solution

A

Cells lose water by osmosis and shrink in a hypertonic solution (contains a higher concentration of solutes than are present inside the cells)

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14
Q

Passive Transport: Hypotonic solutions

A

Cells take on water by osmosis until they become bloated and burst (lyse) in a hypotonic solution (contains a lower concentration of solutes than are present in cells)

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15
Q

Cellular Structure: Plasma membrane

A
  • The boundary of the cell
  • Controls interaction with other cells
  • Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell : Selectively Permeable
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16
Q

Cellular structure: Nucleus

A

The center of the cell

17
Q

Cellular Structure: Cytoplasm

A

A gel-like substance surrounding the nucleus and packed with various organelles and molecules, each of which serves a specific function.

18
Q

Plasma Membrane is composed of:

A
  • Lipids
  • Proteins
  • Carbohydrates
19
Q

Organelles of Cell

A

Like little machines of the cell. Each organelle has a specific structure and function

20
Q

Inclusions of Cytoplasm

A
  • Fat droplets
  • Granules of glycogen
  • Vacuoles and crystals
21
Q

Nuclear Envelope

A
  • Surrounds the nucleus

- Double-layered membrane

22
Q

Nuclear pores

A

Perforates the nuclear envelope

-Regulates the passage of molecules into/Out of the nucleus (Such as those needed for construction of RNA and DNA)

23
Q

Chromatin (In nucleus)

A

Extends throughout the nucleoplasm (substance filling the nucleus
-Thread like structures composed of DNA and protein

24
Q

Chromosomes (In nucleus)

A

Tightly coiled Chromatin into short, rod-like structures

25
Q

Cellular Organelles: Nucleolus (In nucleus)

A
  • Center of the nucleus

- Manufactures components of ribosomes

26
Q

Cellular Organelles: Ribosomes (in nucleus)

A

Protein-producing structures in the cell

27
Q

Cellular Organelles: Mitochondria (In nucleus)

A

Location of ATP production

28
Q

Cellular Organelles: Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

A
  • Modifies proteins

- Rough ER and smooth ER

29
Q

Cellular Organelles: Golgi Apparatus

A

Modifies and packages proteins and lipids

30
Q

Cellular Organelles: Lysosomes/Peroxisomes

A

Contains digestive enzymes and molecules to break down waste

31
Q

Cellular Organelles: Cytoskeleton

A

Protein microtubes and filaments to structural support cell

32
Q

Cellular Extension: Cilia

A
  • Whiplike, extensions on surfaces of some cells

- Move substances, like mucus, along

33
Q

Cellular Extensions: Microvilli

A
  • Smaller finger like projections from cell

- Increased surface areas to improve absorption

34
Q

Cellular Extensions: Flagella

A

Whiplike, motile extensions on surfaces of certain cells

Structure and Function of the Human Body (4 decks)

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