Chemistry Lessons 1-4 Flashcards
A part of an atom.
Subatomic Particle
Who are the main scientists responsible for understanding subatomic particles?
Thompson, Rutherford, Bohr, Moseley, & Chadwick
A circular orbit which an electron travels in.
Energy level
Mass of a proton (& a neutron).
1 AMU (u)
Mass of an electron
1/2000 AMU
An atom is comprised of what?
A dense nucleus surrounded by electrons moving in space.
How many electrons can occupy each of the three first electron levels?
First level - 2
Second level - 8
Third level - 8
The atomic number is determined by what?
The number of protons.
The number of electrons in a neutral atom is equal to what?
The atomic number.
Sum of an atom’s protons & neutrons.
Atomic mass
A repetition of the properties of elements.
Periodicity
Periodic Law
The properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic numbers.
A column in the periodic table.
Group
What are the periodic table families?
Alkali metals, alkaline-earth metals, chalcogens, halogens, & noble gases
The outermost electron orbit
Valence Shell
A row in the periodic table.
Period
Alkali Metals
-Group 1A
-Soft, highly reactive
-Always combined with other elements in nature
Chalcogens
-Group 6A
-Less reactive than halogens
Halogens
-Group 17A
-Poisonous & very reactive
Noble Gas
-Group 8A
-Very stable non-metals
-No natural compounds exist with them
Alkaline-Earth Metals
-Group 2A
-Less reactive than alkali metals
Transition Metals
-Found in short columns
Metalloids
-Behave like metals & non-metals
-On the staircase
Non-Metals
-Found on the right of the staircase
-More than or equal to 5 valence electrons
-Low melt temp, usually gas or fragile solids at room temperature
A group of elements with a specific name.
Family
A kind of glue which holds atoms together to form molecules.
Bond
A charged particle resulting from an atom gaining or losing an electron.
Ion
A bond between a positively charged & negatively charged ion.
Ionic Bond
A compound formed from two ions held together by an ionic bond.
Ionic Compound
