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Chemistry Honors > Chemistry Honors 125: General Review > Flashcards

Chemistry Honors 125: General Review Flashcards

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1
Q

stable ion found formed from a single atom

A

monatomic ion

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2
Q

ionic compound consisting of only two elements

A

binary ionic compound

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3
Q

unit formed when two elements bond with a covalent bond

A

molecular compound

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4
Q

unit formed when ions bond with an ionic bond

A

formula unit

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5
Q

two nonmetallic atoms joined by a covalent bond

A

binary molecular compound

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6
Q

electron configuration of a stable ion

A

noble gas

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7
Q

system of nomenclature used today for ions and compounds

A

Stock

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8
Q

method used to determine an empirical formula

A

crossover

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9
Q

the only polyatomic ion with a positive charge

A

ammonium

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10
Q

suffix for oxyanion with greater number of oxygen atoms

A

-ate

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11
Q

suffix for oxyanion with lesser number of oxygen atoms

A

–ite

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12
Q

suffix for monatomic anion or more electronegative atom

A

-ide

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13
Q

polyatomic anion that contains oxygen

A

oxyanion

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14
Q

a numerical value that indicates the number of electrons an atom or ion contributes or receives in a chemical reaction

A

oxidation number

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15
Q

a stable ion composed of two or more different atoms that function as a group

A

polyatomic ion

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16
Q

When a cation has more than one positive charge, the charge is indicated with a ___ in parentheses after the name of the cation.

A

Roman numeral

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17
Q

When naming ___ compounds, the name of the cation is written first; when naming ___ compounds, the name of the element with a lower electronegativity is written first.

A

binary ionic; binary molecular

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18
Q

If the older nomenclature is used to name a binary molecular compound, a ___ is attached to the names of one or both of the elements in the compound.

A

suffix

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19
Q

The second name of a binary molecular compound named under the older nomenclature consists of the ___ of the element name, a ___ if more than one compound may be formed, and the suffix ___.

A

root; prefix; -ide

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20
Q

lithium oxide

A

Li2O

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21
Q

ammonium nitrate

A

NH4NO3

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22
Q

calcium sulfate

A

CaSO3

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23
Q

potassium nitrate

A

KNO3

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24
Q

chromium (II) carbonate

A

CrCO3

25
Q

nickel(II) phosphate

A

Ni3(PO4)

26
Q

a statement that expressed a chemical reaction in words

A

word equation

27
Q

an equation in which the reactants and products are represented by their formulas

A

chemical equation

28
Q

a substance added to speed up or slow down a chemical reaction

A

catalyst

29
Q

a list of elements in order according to their ability to donate or receiveelectrons in chemical reactions

A

activity series

30
Q

a reaction in which a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances

A

decomposition

31
Q

a reaction in which an element replaces a less active element in a compound

A

single replacement

32
Q

a reaction in which two or more chemical substances combine to form a new substance

A

synthesis

33
Q

a decomposition reaction caused by passing an electric current through a liquid

A

electrolysis

34
Q

a reaction in which the anions of two compounds in an aqueous solution exhcnage places to form two new compounds

A

double replacement

35
Q

the mass of a mole of an element or compound

A

molar mass

36
Q

A + X → AX

A

synthesis

37
Q

AX → A + X

A

decomposition

38
Q

AX + BY → AY + BX

A

double replacement

39
Q

A + BX → AX + B

A

single replacement

40
Q

the study of the quantitave relationships between substances involved in chemical changes

A

stoichiometry

41
Q

the study of quantitative relationships between elements within compounds

A

composition stoichiometry

42
Q

the study of quantitative relationships between reactants and products in chemical reactions

A

reaction stoichiometry

43
Q

the quantity equal to the number of atoms in exactly 12.0 g of carbon-12

A

mole

44
Q

the units used to express formula mass

A

amu

45
Q

the reactant that controls a reaction

A

limiting reactant

46
Q

the mass in grams of one mole of an element

A

molar mass

47
Q

the maximum amount of a product that may result from a chemical reaction

A

theoretical yield

48
Q

the actual measured amount of a product that may result from a chemical reaction

A

actual yield

49
Q

the ratio of the actual yield to the theorietical yield

A

percent yield

50
Q

the relationship between the number of moles of one substnce and the number of moles of another substance in a chemical reaction

A

mole ratio

51
Q

the relationship used to find the number of moles of any reactant or poduct in a chemical reaction if you know the number of moles of at least one substance that enters the reaction

A

mole-mole

52
Q

the relationship used to find the number of moles of any reactant or product in a chemical reaction if you know the balanced equation for the reaction and if you know the mass of at least one substance that enters into the reaction

A

mass-mole

53
Q

the relationship used to find the mass of any reactant or product in a chemical reaction if you know the balanced equation for the reaction and if you know the number of moles of at least one substance that enters into the reaction

A

mole-mass

54
Q

the relationship used to find the mass of any reactant or product in a chemical reaction if you know the balanced equation for the reaction and if you know the mass of at least one substance that enters into the reaction

A

mass-mass

55
Q

mole-mole relationship simple equation

A

moles A → moles B

56
Q

mole-mass relationship simple equation

A
57
Q

mass-mole relationship simple equation

A

mass A → moles A → moles B

58
Q

mass-mass relationship simple equation

A

mass A → moles A → moles B → mass B

59
Q

percent yield

A

percent yield = theoretical yield/actual yield x 100%

Chemistry Honors (6 decks)

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