Chemistry 127: General Review Flashcards
1
Q
any species that donates a proton to another substance
A
Brønsted-Lowry acid
2
Q
hydrogen ion bonded with a water molecule
A
hydronium ion
3
Q
any species that can accept an electron pair from a base to form a chemical bond
A
Lewis acid
4
Q
acid consisting of hydrogen, oxygen, and a third element
A
oxyacid
5
Q
from the Latin word acidus, meaning “sour”
A
acid
6
Q
composed of hydrogen and one other element
A
binary acid
7
Q
completely ionizes in water
A
strong acid
8
Q
donates one proton per molecule of acid
A
monoprotic acid
9
Q
one of the products of an acid reacting with a base
A
water
10
Q
partially ionized acid
A
weak acid
11
Q
Nitric ___ reacts with ___ to form copper nitrate, nitroden dioxide, and water.
A
acid; copper
12
Q
Some compounds may be considered acids when dissolved in ___ other than water.
A
solvents
13
Q
Traditional acids and ___ need to be in a liquid, but a ___ may also be formed by the reaction of two gases.
A
Brønsted-Lowry acids; Lewis acid
14
Q
- Acids are molecular compounds that ionize in water to produce ___.
A
hydronium ions
15
Q
- Acids contain ___ and react with active metals to produce ___ gas.
A
hydrogen; hydrogen
16
Q
- Acids change the colors of ___ indicators.
A
acid-base
17
Q
- Acids react with bases to produce ___ and ___.
A
salts; water
18
Q
- Acids are ___.
A
electrolytes
19
Q
- Acids have a ___ taste
A
sour
20
Q
A ___ bonded oxygen-hydrogen group is called a hydroxyl group.
A
covalently
21
Q
When an acid reacrs with a ___, a salt is produced.
A
salt
22
Q
An acid that only partially ionizes is called a/an ___ acid.
A
weak
23
Q
Sir Humphrey Davey found that the essential element of an acid was ___.
A
hydrogen
24
Q
Acid anhydrides are nonmentallic oxides that react with ___ to form an acid.
A
water
25
The number of protons an acid donates is the same as the number of ___ listed first in the chemical formula.
hydrogen atoms
26
A hydrogen ion is essentially a/an \_\_\_.
proton
27
The strength of an acid is determined by the number of ___ in solution.
ions
28
Hydrochloric acid is sometimes called a mineral acid, but is normally classified as a/an ___ acid.
inorganic
29
hydrogen ion
proton
30
reacts with an acid in a single replacement reaction to produce a salt and hydrogen gas
active metal
31
magnesium chloride
MgCl2
32
conjugate acid of water
hydronium ion
33
conjugate base of water
hydroxide ion
34
an ionic compound that completely dissociates in water to produce hydroxide ions
strong base
35
produced by a weak base
strong acid
36
produced by the reaction of a base on animal fat or vegetable oil
soap
37
left over after an acid has donated a proton
conjugate base
38
accepts a proton from another substance
Brønsted-Lowry base
39
A basic solution conducts \_\_\_.
electricity
40
\_\_\_ ions are unaffected by the chemical reaction in which they are involved.
Spectator
41
If a salt produced in an aqueous solution is insoluble in water, it \_\_\_.
precipitates
42
\_\_\_ means "without water."
Anhydride
43
Equations that show the ions in a neutralization reaction are called ___ equations.
ionic
44
Bases are ionic compounds that dissociate in water to produce \_\_\_.
hydroxide ions
45
Bases ___ fats and oils.
emulsify
46
Bases change the colors of ___ indicators.
acid-base
47
Bases react with acids to produce salts and \_\_\_.
water
48
Bases are \_\_\_.
electrolytes
49
Bases have bitter ___ and a ___ feel.
taste; slippery
50
Hydronium contains ___ hydrogen atoms.
three
51
A basic anhydride is a ___ that reacts with water to form a base.
metal oxide
52
When hydrochloric acid loses its proton, it becomes a ___ ion.
chloride
53
Breaking fats and oils down into smaller globules and suspending them in water is called \_\_\_.
emulsification
54
The conjugate base of acetic acid is a/an ___ ion.
acetate
55
A salt is an ___ compound composed of a metal ___ from an aqueous base and an ___ from an aqueous acid.
ionic; cation; anion
56
Salts have ___ melting temperatures.
high
57
Salts are good ___ of electricity.
conductors
58
reaction between an active ___ and \_\_\_
metal; water
59
double replacement reaction between a ___ and another \_\_\_.
salt; base
60
reaction between ___ anhydride and water
basic
61
A strong acid produces a weak ___ base.
conjugate
62
A ___ base produces a weak conjugate acid.
strong
63
A conjugate base tends to ___ a proton and become an acid.
accept
64
Dissociate means to \_\_\_.
separate
65
Water does not ___ react with a substance being dissolved.
chemically
66
A ___ donates an electron pair to an acid to form a chemical bond.
Lewis base
67
Several organic substances, such as guanine, are weak bases containing the element \_\_\_.
nitrogen
68
The functional group with the —OH composition found in acids is called \_\_\_.
hydroxyl
69
The reaction of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions to form water molecules is called \_\_\_.
neutralization
70
A metal hydroxide is an example of a compound that is an ___ base.
inorganic
71
Carbonates, including calcium carbonate and sodium carbonate, react with acids and produce a \_\_\_, water, and ___ gas.
salt; carbon dioxide
72
A basic solution changes red litmus paper dye to \_\_\_.
blue
73
self-ionization of water
autoprotolysis
74
the pH of pure water
7.0
75
pH
negative common logarithm of hydronium concentration
76
one of the most common indicators
litmus dye
77
number of equivalents of solute per liter of solution
normality
78
logarithm
exponent
79
concentration of hydronium ions greater than 1.0 x 10-7*m*
acid
80
acid-base indicators
weak acids
81
gradually adding a base to an acid
titration
82
measured in moles
equivalents
83
Molarity and ___ are both expressed as per liter solution.
normality
84
If an acid is \_\_\_, its molar mass is the same as its ___ mass.
monoprotic; equivalent
85
In titration, the ___ is the solution with the precisely known concentration.
standard solution
86
Normality equals ___ times the number of equivalents per mole.
molarity
87
The ___ used in titration suddenlu changes color at the point of rapid \_\_\_.
indicator; rise in pH
88
The strength of an acid or ___ depends on the number of ___ it produces in solution.
base; ions
89
In an acid, the number of moles of protons is usually the same as the number of \_\_\_.
hydrogen atoms
90
If an acid is diprotic, its equivalent mass is ___ its molar mass.
one-half
91
The ___ interval is the pH range through which an indicator works the best.
transition
92
As the number of hydronium ions in an aqueous solution increases, the number of ___ ions decreases.
hydroxide
93
When the number of\_\_\_ ions equals the number of ___ ions, the solution is equal.
hydronium; hydroxide
