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Chemistry Honors > Chemistry 127: General Review > Flashcards

Chemistry 127: General Review Flashcards

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1
Q

any species that donates a proton to another substance

A

Brønsted-Lowry acid

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2
Q

hydrogen ion bonded with a water molecule

A

hydronium ion

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3
Q

any species that can accept an electron pair from a base to form a chemical bond

A

Lewis acid

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4
Q

acid consisting of hydrogen, oxygen, and a third element

A

oxyacid

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5
Q

from the Latin word acidus, meaning “sour”

A

acid

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6
Q

composed of hydrogen and one other element

A

binary acid

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7
Q

completely ionizes in water

A

strong acid

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8
Q

donates one proton per molecule of acid

A

monoprotic acid

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9
Q

one of the products of an acid reacting with a base

A

water

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10
Q

partially ionized acid

A

weak acid

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11
Q

Nitric ___ reacts with ___ to form copper nitrate, nitroden dioxide, and water.

A

acid; copper

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12
Q

Some compounds may be considered acids when dissolved in ___ other than water.

A

solvents

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13
Q

Traditional acids and ___ need to be in a liquid, but a ___ may also be formed by the reaction of two gases.

A

Brønsted-Lowry acids; Lewis acid

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14
Q
  1. Acids are molecular compounds that ionize in water to produce ___.
A

hydronium ions

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15
Q
  1. Acids contain ___ and react with active metals to produce ___ gas.
A

hydrogen; hydrogen

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16
Q
  1. Acids change the colors of ___ indicators.
A

acid-base

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17
Q
  1. Acids react with bases to produce ___ and ___.
A

salts; water

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18
Q
  1. Acids are ___.
A

electrolytes

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19
Q
  1. Acids have a ___ taste
A

sour

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20
Q

A ___ bonded oxygen-hydrogen group is called a hydroxyl group.

A

covalently

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21
Q

When an acid reacrs with a ___, a salt is produced.

A

salt

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22
Q

An acid that only partially ionizes is called a/an ___ acid.

A

weak

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23
Q

Sir Humphrey Davey found that the essential element of an acid was ___.

A

hydrogen

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24
Q

Acid anhydrides are nonmentallic oxides that react with ___ to form an acid.

A

water

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25
Q

The number of protons an acid donates is the same as the number of ___ listed first in the chemical formula.

A

hydrogen atoms

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26
Q

A hydrogen ion is essentially a/an ___.

A

proton

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27
Q

The strength of an acid is determined by the number of ___ in solution.

A

ions

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28
Q

Hydrochloric acid is sometimes called a mineral acid, but is normally classified as a/an ___ acid.

A

inorganic

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29
Q

hydrogen ion

A

proton

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30
Q

reacts with an acid in a single replacement reaction to produce a salt and hydrogen gas

A

active metal

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31
Q

magnesium chloride

A

MgCl2

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32
Q

conjugate acid of water

A

hydronium ion

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33
Q

conjugate base of water

A

hydroxide ion

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34
Q

an ionic compound that completely dissociates in water to produce hydroxide ions

A

strong base

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35
Q

produced by a weak base

A

strong acid

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36
Q

produced by the reaction of a base on animal fat or vegetable oil

A

soap

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37
Q

left over after an acid has donated a proton

A

conjugate base

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38
Q

accepts a proton from another substance

A

Brønsted-Lowry base

39
Q

A basic solution conducts ___.

A

electricity

40
Q

___ ions are unaffected by the chemical reaction in which they are involved.

A

Spectator

41
Q

If a salt produced in an aqueous solution is insoluble in water, it ___.

A

precipitates

42
Q

___ means “without water.”

A

Anhydride

43
Q

Equations that show the ions in a neutralization reaction are called ___ equations.

A

ionic

44
Q

Bases are ionic compounds that dissociate in water to produce ___.

A

hydroxide ions

45
Q

Bases ___ fats and oils.

A

emulsify

46
Q

Bases change the colors of ___ indicators.

A

acid-base

47
Q

Bases react with acids to produce salts and ___.

A

water

48
Q

Bases are ___.

A

electrolytes

49
Q

Bases have bitter ___ and a ___ feel.

A

taste; slippery

50
Q

Hydronium contains ___ hydrogen atoms.

A

three

51
Q

A basic anhydride is a ___ that reacts with water to form a base.

A

metal oxide

52
Q

When hydrochloric acid loses its proton, it becomes a ___ ion.

A

chloride

53
Q

Breaking fats and oils down into smaller globules and suspending them in water is called ___.

A

emulsification

54
Q

The conjugate base of acetic acid is a/an ___ ion.

A

acetate

55
Q

A salt is an ___ compound composed of a metal ___ from an aqueous base and an ___ from an aqueous acid.

A

ionic; cation; anion

56
Q

Salts have ___ melting temperatures.

A

high

57
Q

Salts are good ___ of electricity.

A

conductors

58
Q

reaction between an active ___ and ___

A

metal; water

59
Q

double replacement reaction between a ___ and another ___.

A

salt; base

60
Q

reaction between ___ anhydride and water

A

basic

61
Q

A strong acid produces a weak ___ base.

A

conjugate

62
Q

A ___ base produces a weak conjugate acid.

A

strong

63
Q

A conjugate base tends to ___ a proton and become an acid.

A

accept

64
Q

Dissociate means to ___.

A

separate

65
Q

Water does not ___ react with a substance being dissolved.

A

chemically

66
Q

A ___ donates an electron pair to an acid to form a chemical bond.

A

Lewis base

67
Q

Several organic substances, such as guanine, are weak bases containing the element ___.

A

nitrogen

68
Q

The functional group with the —OH composition found in acids is called ___.

A

hydroxyl

69
Q

The reaction of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions to form water molecules is called ___.

A

neutralization

70
Q

A metal hydroxide is an example of a compound that is an ___ base.

A

inorganic

71
Q

Carbonates, including calcium carbonate and sodium carbonate, react with acids and produce a ___, water, and ___ gas.

A

salt; carbon dioxide

72
Q

A basic solution changes red litmus paper dye to ___.

A

blue

73
Q

self-ionization of water

A

autoprotolysis

74
Q

the pH of pure water

A

7.0

75
Q

pH

A

negative common logarithm of hydronium concentration

76
Q

one of the most common indicators

A

litmus dye

77
Q

number of equivalents of solute per liter of solution

A

normality

78
Q

logarithm

A

exponent

79
Q

concentration of hydronium ions greater than 1.0 x 10-7m

A

acid

80
Q

acid-base indicators

A

weak acids

81
Q

gradually adding a base to an acid

A

titration

82
Q

measured in moles

A

equivalents

83
Q

Molarity and ___ are both expressed as per liter solution.

A

normality

84
Q

If an acid is ___, its molar mass is the same as its ___ mass.

A

monoprotic; equivalent

85
Q

In titration, the ___ is the solution with the precisely known concentration.

A

standard solution

86
Q

Normality equals ___ times the number of equivalents per mole.

A

molarity

87
Q

The ___ used in titration suddenlu changes color at the point of rapid ___.

A

indicator; rise in pH

88
Q

The strength of an acid or ___ depends on the number of ___ it produces in solution.

A

base; ions

89
Q

In an acid, the number of moles of protons is usually the same as the number of ___.

A

hydrogen atoms

90
Q

If an acid is diprotic, its equivalent mass is ___ its molar mass.

A

one-half

91
Q

The ___ interval is the pH range through which an indicator works the best.

A

transition

92
Q

As the number of hydronium ions in an aqueous solution increases, the number of ___ ions decreases.

A

hydroxide

93
Q

When the number of___ ions equals the number of ___ ions, the solution is equal.

A

hydronium; hydroxide

Chemistry Honors (6 decks)

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