Chemistry Exam 2 Flashcards
What is the trend for electro negativity in the periodic table?
As you go up and from left to right, the electro negativity increases.
What is the trend for Ionization Energy in the periodic table?
As you go from left to right and from bottom to top, the ionization energy increases.
What is the trend for atomic radius in the periodic table?
As you go from RIGHT TO LEFT AND FROM TOP TO BOTTOM, the atomic radius increases.
How does losing and gaining an electron affect the radius of an atom?
If you LOSE AN ELECTRON, you become smaller.
If you GAIN AN ELECTRON, you become larger.
What are the possible orbitals?
S,p,d,f,g,h,i,j
What is Hund’s Rule?
Other boxes must be filled before putting electrons in the same box.
What does paramagnetic mean?
Unpaired electrons
What does Diamagnetic mean?
All e- paired.
What is the Pauli Exclusion Principle?
All electrons must have unique quantum values.
What is to the RIGHT of ROYGBIV?
UV-X Ray-Gamma Ray
What is to the left of ROYGBIV?
Infrared-Microwaves-Radio waves
What is the trend for wavelength, frequency, and energy to the right of ROYGBIV?
Shorter Wavelength
Higher ENERGY AND FREQUENCY
What is the trend for wavelength to the left of ROYGBIV?
LONGER Wavelength
LOWER Energy and Frequency
What is Rydberg’s Equation
1/lambda= RH (1/lower n number squared- 1/higher n number squared)
What are the exceptions for FILLING THE ORBITALS?
Chromium-Molybdenum-Copper-Silver
What is an ion with a plus charge called?
Cation
What is an ion with a negative charge called?
Anion
What is the permanent charge for Aluminum?
+3
What is the permanent charge for Zinc?
+2
What is the permanent charge for Cadmium?
+2
What is the permanent charge for Silver?
+1
What are the strong acids?
BIC- PeNS
HBr-HI-HCl
Perchloric Acid-Nitric Acid- Sulfuric Acid
How do you determine Steric Number?
Atoms bonded to the central atom+ lone pairs around the central atom.
What is the formula for Carbonate?
(CO3)2-
What is the formula for hydrogen carbonate or Bicarbonate?
(HCO3)-
What is the formula for Acetate?
(CH3COO)-
What is the formula for Cyanide?
CN-
What is the formula for Thiocyanate?
SCN-
What is the formula for Hypochorite?
ClO-
What is the formula for Chlorite?
(ClO2)-
What is the formula for Chlorate?
(ClO3)-
What is the formula for perchlorate?
(ClO4)-
What is the formula for Chromate?
(CrO4)2-
What is the formula for Dichromate?
(Cr2O7)2-
What is the formula for Permanganate?
(MnO4)-
What is the formula for Azide?
(N3)-
What is the formula for Ammonium?
NH4+
What is the formula for Nitrite?
(NO2)-
What is the formula for Nitrate?
(NO3)-
What is the formula for Hydroxide?
OH-
What is the formula for Peroxide?
(O2)2-
What is the formula for Phosphate?
(PO4)3-
What is the formula for Hydrogen Phosphate?
(HPO4)2-
What is the formula for Dihydrogen Phosphate?
(H2PO4)-
What is the formula for Disulfide?
(S2)2-
What is the formula for Sulfite?
(SO3)2-
What is the formula for Sulfate?
(SO4)2-
What is the formula for Hydrogen Sulfite or Bisulfite?
(HSO3)-
What is the formula for Hydrogen Sulfate or Bisulfate?
(HSO4)-
What are the prefixes for naming non-metals?
Mono-Di-Tri-Tetra-Penta-Hexa-Hepta-Octa-Nona-Deca
What is the name of HBr?
Hydrobromic Acid
What is the name for HI?
Hydroiodic Acid
What is the name for HCl?
Hydrochloric Acid
What is all the information regarding something with SN=2?
Linear
BA=180
What is all the information regarding something with SN=3?
0 LONE PAIRS
Trigonal Planar Geometry-Trigonal Planar Shape-sp2-120 degrees bond Angle
1 Lone PAIR
Trigonal Planar GEO-Bent Shape-sp2-Less than 120 Bond Angle
What is all the information regarding something with SN=4?
0 LONE PAIRS
Tetrahedral-Tetrahedral-sp3-109.5 Bond Angle
1 Lone Pair
Tetrahedral Geo-Trigonal Pyramidal Shape-sp3-Less than 109.5 Bond Angle
2 LONE PAIRS
Tetrahedral Geo-Bent Shape-sp3-Less than 109.5 Bond Angle
What is all the information regarding something with SN=5?
0 Lone Pairs
Trigonal Bipyramidal- Trigonal Bipyramidal- sp3d-Bondle Angle of 90 and 120
1 Lone Pair
Trigonal Bipyramidal-Seesaw-sp3- Bond Angle of less than 90 and 120
2 Lone Pairs
Trigonal Pyramidal-T Shaped-sp3- Bond angle of less than 90 degrees
3 Lone Pairs
Trigonal Pyramidal-Linear- sp3-Bond angle of 180
What is all the information regarding something with SN=6?
0 Lone Pairs
Octahedral-Octahedral-sp3d2- Bond Angle of 90
1 Lone Pair
Octahedral-Square Pyramidal- sp3d2- Bond Angle of less than 90
2 Lone Pairs
Octahedral-Square Planar-sp3d2-Bond Angle of 90
What is the “l” values of each orbital?
S=0
P=1
D=2
F=3
How many electrons can each orbital hold?
S=2
P=6
D=10
F=14
G=18
What are the 3 series for hydrogen and the nl and region of the spectrum assigned respectively?
Lyman-Balmer-Paschen. LBP
Lyman-1-Ultraviolet. L1U
Balmer-2-Visible. B2V
Paschen-3-Infrared. P3I