Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

gcse science > Chemistry - C2b - Types Of Matter > Flashcards

Chemistry - C2b - Types Of Matter Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
GCSE Geography - AQA flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route B flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route A flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route A flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route B flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are the 3 states of matter ?

A
  • solid
  • liquid
  • gas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what does the state the material is in depend on ?

A

how strong the forces of attraction are between the particles of the material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the strength of forces between particles determined by ?

A
  • the material (the structure of the substance and the type of bonds holding the particles together)
  • the temperature
  • the pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

describe the properties of solids

A
  • strong forces of attraction between particles, which holds particles together in fixed positions to form a regular lattice arrangement
  • keep a definite shape and volume
  • don’t move from their positions
  • don’t flow like liquids
  • vibrate about their positions
  • vibrate more when temperature increases - expand slightly when heated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

describe the properties of liquids

A
  • weak forces of attraction between particles
  • randomly arranged
  • free to move past each other, but tend to stick closely together
  • have a definite volume, not a definite shape
  • particles constantly moving with random motion
  • hotter the particles get, the faster they move
  • expand slightly when heated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

describe the properties of gases

A
  • very weak forces of attraction
  • free to move
  • move randomly
  • travel in straight lines until they collide
  • particles are very far apart
  • don’t keep a definite shape or volume
  • will always fill a container
  • the hotter a gas gets, the faster they get, the more collisions made - increase in pressure, if container isn’t shut volume increases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the limitations of the particle theory ?

A
  • don’t show the forces between the particles
  • the size of the particles and the distances between them isn’t always accurate
  • in reality, they aren’t spheres, solid or inelastic - they’re atoms, ions or molecules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the state symbols for :
solid
liquid
gas
aqueous

A
  • s
  • l
  • g
  • aq
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what type of change is a change of state ?

A

a physical change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is solid changing to liquid called ?

A

melting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is melting ?

A

a solid is heated, so gains more energy, which makes the particles in a solid vibrate more which weakens the forces that hold the solid together. At the melting point the particles have enough energy to break from their positions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is a liquid changing to a gas called ?

A

boiling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is boiling ?

A

a liquid is heated, so the particles gain more energy which makes them move faster, which weakens the attractive forces holding the liquid together. At the boiling point, the particles have enough energy to overcome the forces between them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is a gas changing to a liquid called ?

A

condensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is condensation ?

A

as a gas cools, particles don’t have enough energy to overcome the forces of attraction between them, so at the boiling point the forces between the gas particles are strong enough that the gas becomes a liquid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is a liquid changing to a solid called ?

A

freezing

17
Q

what is freezing ?

A

when a liquid cools, the particles have less energy so move around less, which means there’s not enough energy to overcome the forces of attraction so the particles are less free to move. At the melting point the forces between the particles are strong enough that the particles are held in place

18
Q

what does the melting and boiling point depend on ?

A

how strong the forces between the particles are, the stronger the forces, the more energy needed to break them. The strength of the substance depends on the structure of the substance and the type of bonding in it

19
Q

how many metres is in a nanometre ?

A

0.000 000 001 m (1x10-9m)

20
Q

how many metres in a micrometre ?

A

0.000 001 m (1x10-6 m)

21
Q

how big are coarse particles ?

A

2500 nm - 10 000 nm - also known as dust

22
Q

how big are fine particles ?

A

100nm - 2500 nm

23
Q

how big are nanoparticles ?

A

1nm - 100nm, nanoparticles only have a few hundred atoms, nanoparticles are between 10 and 1000 times bigger than single atoms and up to 100 x bigger than small molecules

24
Q

describe the surface area of nanoparticles

A

nanoparticles have a very high surface area to volume ratio

25
Q

how do you calculate surface area to volume ratio ?

A

surface area to volume ratio = surface area/volume

26
Q

what beneficial properties to nanoparticles have ?

A
  • they have different properties to the material in bulk
  • ## are good catalysts
27
Q

why are nanoparticles good catalysts ?

A

as their high surface area to volume ratio means more atoms of each particle is at the surface area and so they are able to interact with the reactants easier, this means you’ll need less of a material that’s made up of nanoparticles to become an effective catalyst

28
Q

when are nanoparticles used ?

A
  • for fuel cells
  • in nano medicine
  • in electronics
  • in deodorants
    in sun cream
    in cosmetics
29
Q

what are the disadvantages of nanoparticles ?

A

they aren’t fully understood as to how they react with the body
they may cause environmental damage
there could be unknown long term impacts

30
Q

how are nanoparticles used for fuel cells ?

A

platinum is usually used for a catalyst in fuel cells, which is very expensive, however platinum nanoparticles have huge surface areas and only a tiny quantity of them are needed so it’s cheaper

31
Q

how are nanoparticles used in nano medicine ?

A

they are more easily absorbed by the body so they could deliver drugs right into the cells where they’re needed

32
Q

how are nanoparticles used in electronics ?

A

they conduct electricity

33
Q

how are nanoparticles used in deodorants ?

A

silver nanoparticles are added to some deodorants as they have antibacterial properties

34
Q

how are nanoparticles used in sun cream ?

A

as they have shown to be better than the original materials used in sun creams at protecting skin

35
Q

how are nanoparticles used in cosmetics ?

A

e.g, they improve moisturizers by giving more moisture without making them more oily

gcse science (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions