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Science > Chemistry Big Test > Flashcards

Chemistry Big Test Flashcards

0
Q

How do I write atomic notations?

A

Mass number
Element
Atomic number

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1
Q

What are the charges on a proton? Neutron? Electron?

A

Proton positive
Neutron neutral
Electron negative

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2
Q

What is a group? What does it tell you?

A

A group is vertical and it tells you the number of valence electrons.

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3
Q

What is a period? What does it tell you?

A

A period is horizontal and it tells you the number of shells on an element

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4
Q

What is a metalloid? An example?

A

A metalloid is an element that has properties of a metal and non metal.
Silicon

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5
Q

Are elements in a period or group alike?

A

A group. They share similar properties.

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6
Q

What group are the halogens in?

A

Group 17

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7
Q

What group are the alkali metals in?

A

1

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8
Q

What group are the alkaline earth metals in?

A

2

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9
Q

What group are the noble gases in?

A
  1. They are the most stable
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10
Q

Why are the noble gases so stable?

A

They have a full valence shell of electrons (8 or 2)

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11
Q

What are two differences between ionic and covalent bonds?

A

Ionic
Metal and non metal
Valence e’s are transferred

Covalent
Electrons are shared
Non metal and non metal

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12
Q 
Ionic vs. molecular compounds
Melting point
Electrolyte 
Hardness
Solubility 
State
odour
A 
Ionic 
High
Yes
Hard
Most 
Solid @room temp
usually no odour
Covalent
Lower 
No 
softer
Varies 
Solid liquid or gas
has odour
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13
Q

How do metals react compared to non metals?

What do they want?

A

Metals lose electrons non metals gain

All atoms strive for 8 electrons which makes them extremely stable and unreactive.

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14
Q

What group are the chalcogens in?

A

16

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15
Q

What group are the coinage metals in?

A

11

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16
Q

Where are the transition metals?

A

3-12

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17
Q

Lewis diagrams

A

Hi

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18
Q

Bohr-Rutherford Diagrams

A

Hi

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19
Q

Metal reactivity

A

Hi

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20
Q

Non metal reactivity

A

Hi

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21
Q

Ionic bonding

A

Hi

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22
Q

Covalent bonding

A

Hi

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23
Q

What is a non metal ion called?

A

And anion

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24
Q

What is a metal ion called?

A

Cation

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25
Q

Metals gain or lose their electrons?

A

Lose

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26
Q

Non metals gain or lose electrons?

A

Gain

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27
Q

What ions use “ide”?

A

Non metal ions

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28
Q

Why does table salt (NaCl) have a much higher melting point than sugar?

A

Table slat is an ionic compound so the ions are held very tightly together in a lattice form. There is also a strong force of attraction between the ions. Sugar is a molecular compound so the force of attraction isn’t as strong between the ions.

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29
Q

Why does magnesium chloride conduct electricity when dissolved in water? Explain.

A

The water breaks apart the lattice which is holding the ions together. This allows the ions to move freely thus releasing the electrolytes present in ions.

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30
Q

Naming binary compounds

A

Hi

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31
Q

Writing formulas of binary compounds

A

Hi

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32
Q

Oxidation states

A

Hi

33
Q

Ternary Compounds

A

Ending is -ate

34
Q

Roman numerals

A 
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
35
Q

The prefix method of nomenclature

A 
Mono 
Di
Tri
Tetra
Penta
Hexa
Hepta
36
Q

Word equations

Magnesium burns brightly in oxygen to produce the white powder, magnesium oxide

A

Magnesium + oxygen —–> magnesium oxide

37
Q

What is the law of conservation of mass?

A

The total number of atoms at the beginning of the reaction must equal the total number of atoms at the end

38
Q

Balancing equations

A

Hi

39
Q

Exothermic vs endothermic

A 
Endothermic 
Heat enters the system (cool on surrounding)
Heat on left of equation 
Exo
Heat leaves the system
Heating effect on surroundings
Heat on right of equation
40
Q

What is the Arrhenius theory of acids and bases

A

Acids are substances that produce hydrogen ions in water

Bases are substances that produce hydroxide ions in water.

41
Q

What colour does red litmus paper turn in an acid? A base?

Blue litmus?

A

Red litmus
Acid
Red
Base blue

Blue litmus
Acid red
Base blue

42
Q

What colour does phenolphthalein turn in an acid? A base?

A

Acid
Colourless

Base
Dark pink

43
Q

What colour does bromothymol blue turn in an acid? A base?

A

Acid
Yellow

Base
Blue

44
Q

What happens when there are more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions in a solution?

A

The concentration of hydrogen ions is greater than the concentration of hydroxide ions

[H^+] > [OH^-]

An acid is formed

45
Q

What happens when there are more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions in a solution?

A

A base is formed.

The concentration of hydroxide ions is greater than the concentration of hydrogen ions.

[OH^-] > [Na^+]
(Sodium hydroxide in water)

46
Q

Acid or base?
Reacts with carbonates?
What does it produce?

A

Acids

Produces carbon dioxide

47
Q

Acid or base?

Conducts electricity

A

Both

48
Q

Acid or base?

Sour taste

A

Acid

49
Q

Acid or base?

Bitter taste

A

Base

50
Q

Acid or base?
Reacts with metals
What is produced?

A

Acid

Produces hydrogen

51
Q

Acid or base?

Tastes bitter

A

Base

52
Q

Corrosive

Acid or base?

A

Both

53
Q

Feels slippery

Acid or base?

A

Base

54
Q

What is an acid-base indicator?

A

A substance that changes colour depending if it is an acid or base.

55
Q

Define alkaline.

A

A substance that has a pH greater than 7.0

56
Q

What does pH stand for?

A

Power (potency) of hydrogen ion

57
Q

How many more times basic is a solution of pH 11 from a pH 8 solution?

A

1000x more basic

Each step is 10x more basic

58
Q

What type of reaction is neutralization?

A

Double displacement

59
Q

What are applications of neutralization?

A

Anti acids
Fire extinguishers
Baking (baking soda and powder)
Hair perming

60
Q

What does a higher pH mean?

A

The solution is more basic

61
Q

What is the process of acid rain?

A

Factories release sulfur dioxide, nitrogen monoxide, carbon dioxide and reacts with the water in the air.

Nitric acid, carbonic acid, and sulfuric acid is formed.

62
Q

What is the pH of acid rain?

A

Less than 5.6

63
Q

What is the pH of normal rain?

A

Slightly acidic

64
Q

What are the effects of acid rain on the environment?

A

Kills aquatic life
Destroys vegetation
Stunts growth of organisms

65
Q

Distinguish between incomplete and complete combustion in 3 ways

A 
Complete
Blue flame
More energy released
No soot 
clean burn
Carbon dioxide and water 
Incomplete
Orange flame
Less energy released
Lots of soot
Dirty burn
Carbon dioxide water carbon monoxide carbon(soot)
66
Q

What is a use for sulfuric acid?

A

Fertilizer

67
Q

What is a use for carbonic acid?

A

Soft drinks

68
Q

What is a use for nitric acid?

A

Explosives

69
Q

What is a use for magnesium hydroxide?

A

Antacid

70
Q

What is a use for calcium hydroxide?

A

Ingredient in Plaster

71
Q

What is a use for ammonium hydroxide?

A

Glass cleaner (Windex)

72
Q

Balance an equation

A

Woo

73
Q

write a chemical formula

A

go

74
Q

write a chemical name

A

now

75
Q

draw an ionic bond

A

you can do it!

76
Q

where is the mass number found in atomic notation?

A

on top

77
Q

where is the atomic number found in atomic notation?

A

on the bottom

78
Q

what is an ionic bond?

A

a force of attraction between a metal and non metal

79
Q

what is a covalent bond?

A

a force of attraction between a metal and metal

Science (8 decks)

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