Chemistry and Water Properties test

Question 1

What is matter?

Answer 1

Anything with mass and volume

Question 2

What 4 elements make up 90% of the human body?

Answer 2

Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen

Question 3

Atom

Answer 3

Smallest particle of an element

Question 4

Nucleus

Answer 4

Central core of an atom with most of its mass- consists of protons and neutrons and is positively charged

Question 5

All atoms of a given element have the same number of _______

Answer 5

Protons

Question 6

Outermost energy level of electrons

Answer 6

Valence

Question 6

Most elements combine with other elements to form what?

Answer 6

Compounds

Question 7

In chemical reactions…

Answer 7

bonds are broken; atoms are rearranged and new chemical bonds are made

Question 8

Covalent bonds

Answer 8

Formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons

Question 9

Ionic bond

Answer 9

Some atoms become stable by losing or gaining electrons

Question 10

Nonpolar Covalent bond

Answer 10

Equal sharing of electrons

Question 11

Polar Covalent bond

Answer 11

Unequal sharing of electrons

Question 12

Water is a…

Answer 12

Polar Molecule (has oppositely charged ends)

Question 13

Water molecules form ________ _____ between them

Answer 13

Hydrogen Bonds

Question 14

Cohesion

Answer 14

Water molecules stick to each other (responsible for beading and surface tension)

Question 15

Adhesion

Answer 15

Water molecules stick to other substances

Question 16

Capillary Action

Answer 16

Water rises up a narrow tube- important for plants!

Question 17

Water _______ ____. It is slow to _____ __ and _____ ____.

Answer 17

Retains heat, warm up, cool down

Question 18

Water makes up ___ of our bodies and ___ of the Earth’s surface

Answer 18

60% and 75%

Question 19

Water is called the “_________” ______ because it can dissolve so many other substances.

Answer 19

“Universal” solvent

Question 20

Mixtures

Answer 20

Two or more substances combined (not chemically)

Question 21

Suspensions

Answer 21

Substances that do not dissolve and particles may settle out (Heterogenous)

Question 22

Solutions

Answer 22

Substances that dissolve in another substance and particles don’t settle out (Homogenous)

Question 23

The dissolving substance in a solution

Answer 23

Solvent

Question 24

The substance that is dissolved in a substance

Answer 24

Solute

Question 25

Acid

Answer 25

Any chemical that releases H+ (hydronium) ions when dissolved in water

Question 26

Base

Answer 26

Any substance that releases OH- (hydroxide) ions

Question 27

Neutralization Reaction

Answer 27

When an acid and a base are combined, they produce two neutral substances (water and salt)

Question 28

pH scale

Answer 28

Expresses H+ concentration in a solution. pH= “power of Hydrogen”
7- Neutral
Below 7- Acid
Above 7- Base

Question 29

Each change in pH of one represents a change in strength of __ times

Answer 29

10