Carbohydrate Quiz Flashcards
Inorganic compounds
Do not contain carbon
Organic compounds
Contain carbon AND hydrogen
Carbon characteristics
- forms covalent bonds
- can form long chain molecules
- forms single C-C, double C=C and triple C=C bonds
- Can form rings
Polymerization
When large molecules are formed by joining together smaller molecules
Monomer
Small molecule
Polymer
Large molecule
Macromolecules
Very large polymers
Carbohydrates….
Contain C, H, O with a HO in a 2:1 ratio
Monosaccharides
Simple sugars
Isomers
Molecules of different compounds that are made of the same kind and number of atoms for different chemical compounds
Disaccharides
2 monosaccharides joined together
Oligosaccharides
A few monosaccharides covalently linked- helps with cell to cell interactions
Polysaccharides
Long chains of monosaccharides/disaccharides
Starch
Plants store excess sugar in this form
Glycogen
Animals store excess sugar in this form- stored in the liver and muscles
Cellulose
Found only in plants- helps support the plant by giving it strength and rigidity
Glycemic Index
Ranking of carbohydrates based on their ability to be converted to glucose in the body
Glycemic load
Used to get an idea of the body’s glycemic response to an entire meal or day of eating
Dehydration synthesis
When two monosaccharides are joined together to form a disaccharide, a water molecule is lost
Hydrolysis
To break a disaccharide back into two monosaccharides with water
Monosaccharide examples
Glucose- blood sugar
Fructose- fruit sugar
Galactose- milk
Disaccharide examples
Sucrose- table sugar (glucose + fructose)
Maltose- candy (glucose + glucose)
Lactose- milk (glucose + galactose)
