Chemistry and Periodic Table Flashcards
Define ATOM
Tiny invisible particles
What are the 3 components of an atom
Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons
What is the ratio of elements in living things to total known elements?
25-109
Are the elements found in living thing heavy or light elements?
Light elements
List the 4 major groups of molecules found in living organisms.
Lipids, Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Nucleic acids.
List the 6 critical elements in living organisms.
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur.
Atomic number(the top right corner of the element)
Is the same as the number of protons
Atomic Weight is:
The number at the very bottom of the element.
What is Atomic Weight?
The total of Protons and Neutrons of the atom.
What charge is a protron?
Positive Charge
What charge is an electron?
Negative Charge
What charge is a neutron?
Has no charge
What is the number of electrons and protons when atoms are neutral (has no charge)
The number of electrons and protons are equal.
Atomic Weight is
Protons+Neutrons
What is Fe
Iron
Is Iron important to living things?
Yes, it is needed to transport oxygen through the body
What is Ca?
Calcium
Why do we need Ca?
To help strengthen Bones
What element in CHONPS is most like Oxygen
Sulfur
What element in CHONPS is most like Nitrogen
Phosphorus
What is the greatest mass in CHONPS?
Sulfur
What is the least mass in CHONPS?
Hydrogen
What is an Isotope?
When the number of neutrons are changed for example deuterium or heavy hydrogen
Why does the Atomic Weight of deuterium diff from the Atomic Weight of a normal hydrogen atom?
The number of neutrons has changed.
What is an Ion
When the number of Protons and Electrons are not equal
What is in the nucleus of an atom?
Protons and Neutrons
How do electrons travel?
In orbitals around the nucleus- reactive part of the atom.
1st orbital
holds 2; least energy
2nd orbital
Holds 8; little more energy than 1st
3rd orbital
Holds 8; more energy than 2nd
Define Valence Electrons
The electrons in the outermost orbital
-The electrons that interact with other atoms
When is an atom HAPPY
When it has a full Valence shell/orbital
Does neutral mean happy?
No it meant stable
When does an atom gain/lose an electron
Gain- (4-7 electrons)
Lose- (1-3 electrons)
Do metals give or gain
Give
Do non metals give or gain
Gain
Why does Gain and not give
because it only has 1 electron
What is an ionic bond
metals and non metals
what is a covalent bond
non metals and nonmetals
What is hydrocarbons?
- The most basic molecules of life
- 3 different structures Alkane, Alkene, Alkyne
- A molecule made up of hydrogen and carbon only
- Carbon is the element of life
why are elements trying to gain or lose electrons?
to become happy
why do metal lose electrons?
because it has a lower number of electrons 1-3
why do nonmetals gain electrons?
because it has a higher number of electrons 4-7
why is hydrogen found in group 1?
it only has 1 electron so it would rather gain then lose it
do atoms not like being neutral?
they like being neutral b/c they have an equal number of protons and Neutrons.
they don’t like to be negative
Why are CHONPS only covalent?
b/c they are all nonmetals
if an element gains 3 electrons is it now charged?
yes because gaining an electron automatically results in a negative charge
Is carbon or hydrogen more versatile?
carbon b/c it has more than 1 electron.
