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Biology > Chemistry and Periodic Table > Flashcards

Chemistry and Periodic Table Flashcards

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1
Q

Define ATOM

A

Tiny invisible particles

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2
Q

What are the 3 components of an atom

A

Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons

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3
Q

What is the ratio of elements in living things to total known elements?

A

25-109

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4
Q

Are the elements found in living thing heavy or light elements?

A

Light elements

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5
Q

List the 4 major groups of molecules found in living organisms.

A

Lipids, Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Nucleic acids.

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6
Q

List the 6 critical elements in living organisms.

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur.

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7
Q

Atomic number(the top right corner of the element)

A

Is the same as the number of protons

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8
Q

Atomic Weight is:

A

The number at the very bottom of the element.

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9
Q

What is Atomic Weight?

A

The total of Protons and Neutrons of the atom.

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10
Q

What charge is a protron?

A

Positive Charge

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11
Q

What charge is an electron?

A

Negative Charge

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12
Q

What charge is a neutron?

A

Has no charge

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13
Q

What is the number of electrons and protons when atoms are neutral (has no charge)

A

The number of electrons and protons are equal.

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14
Q

Atomic Weight is

A

Protons+Neutrons

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15
Q

What is Fe

A

Iron

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16
Q

Is Iron important to living things?

A

Yes, it is needed to transport oxygen through the body

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17
Q

What is Ca?

A

Calcium

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18
Q

Why do we need Ca?

A

To help strengthen Bones

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19
Q

What element in CHONPS is most like Oxygen

A

Sulfur

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20
Q

What element in CHONPS is most like Nitrogen

A

Phosphorus

21
Q

What is the greatest mass in CHONPS?

A

Sulfur

22
Q

What is the least mass in CHONPS?

A

Hydrogen

23
Q

What is an Isotope?

A

When the number of neutrons are changed for example deuterium or heavy hydrogen

24
Q

Why does the Atomic Weight of deuterium diff from the Atomic Weight of a normal hydrogen atom?

A

The number of neutrons has changed.

25
Q

What is an Ion

A

When the number of Protons and Electrons are not equal

26
Q

What is in the nucleus of an atom?

A

Protons and Neutrons

27
Q

How do electrons travel?

A

In orbitals around the nucleus- reactive part of the atom.

28
Q

1st orbital

A

holds 2; least energy

29
Q

2nd orbital

A

Holds 8; little more energy than 1st

30
Q

3rd orbital

A

Holds 8; more energy than 2nd

31
Q

Define Valence Electrons

A

The electrons in the outermost orbital
-The electrons that interact with other atoms

32
Q

When is an atom HAPPY

A

When it has a full Valence shell/orbital

33
Q

Does neutral mean happy?

A

No it meant stable

34
Q

When does an atom gain/lose an electron

A

Gain- (4-7 electrons)
Lose- (1-3 electrons)

35
Q

Do metals give or gain

A

Give

36
Q

Do non metals give or gain

A

Gain

37
Q

Why does Gain and not give

A

because it only has 1 electron

38
Q

What is an ionic bond

A

metals and non metals

39
Q

what is a covalent bond

A

non metals and nonmetals

40
Q

What is hydrocarbons?

A
  1. The most basic molecules of life
  2. 3 different structures Alkane, Alkene, Alkyne
  3. A molecule made up of hydrogen and carbon only
  4. Carbon is the element of life
41
Q

why are elements trying to gain or lose electrons?

A

to become happy

42
Q

why do metal lose electrons?

A

because it has a lower number of electrons 1-3

43
Q

why do nonmetals gain electrons?

A

because it has a higher number of electrons 4-7

44
Q

why is hydrogen found in group 1?

A

it only has 1 electron so it would rather gain then lose it

45
Q

do atoms not like being neutral?

A

they like being neutral b/c they have an equal number of protons and Neutrons.

they don’t like to be negative

46
Q

Why are CHONPS only covalent?

A

b/c they are all nonmetals

47
Q

if an element gains 3 electrons is it now charged?

A

yes because gaining an electron automatically results in a negative charge

48
Q

Is carbon or hydrogen more versatile?

A

carbon b/c it has more than 1 electron.

Biology (6 decks)

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