Chemistry - 90944 Flashcards
If an atom has
Likely positive
If an atom has >4 electrons in it’s outer shell, will it become a positive or negative ion?
Likely negative
Do atoms with a full outer shell react?
Not in normal conditions
What is the ionic form of hydrogen?
H+ (loses it’s one electron and essentially becomes justa proton.
Do metals generally react by gaining or losing electrons?
By losing electrons to form cations.
Do non-metals react by gaining or losing electrons?
By gaining electrons to form anions.
Polyatomic ions
Ions made up of more than one atom (e.g ammonium NH4-, hydroxide OH-, carbonate CO32-
What sort of bond do metals reacting with non-metals form?
Ionic bond (e.g NaF, MgO
What do acids release in water?
Hydrogen ions H+
What are the 3 common acids used in school labs?
HCl, S2SO4, HNO3
Metal oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, and hydrogencarbonates are examples of?
Bases
What is produced when a base reacts with an acid?
Salt and water (and possible another product) The salt depends on the reactants.
Word equations for the reactions between acids and metal oxides and metal hydroxides.
Acid + metal oxide -> salt + water.
Acid + metal hydroxide -> salt + water.
Word equations for the reactions between acids and metal carbonates and metal hydrogencarbonates
Acid + carbonate -> salt + water + carbon dioxide.
Acid + hydrogencarbonate -> salt + water + carbon dioxide.
What might bubbling indicate?
Production of CO2
By what method can salt be obtained from solution?
Evaporation
What do the blue and red colours on litmus paper signify?
Red - acid.
Blue - base.
What is universal indicator?
A solution that is red in acid, green in neutral solutions, and purple in basic solutions (with varying degrees of strength)
What does the particle theory (kinetic theory) state?
That all matter is made up of tiny particles which are in a constant state of motion.
When particles collide with sufficient kinetic energy, Ek, what occurs?
A chemical reaction.
What factors increase the number of effective collisions?
Higher temp, higher concentrations, higher surface area.
How can reaction rates be measured in a school lab?
By how fast reactants are used up or by how fast products are formed.
What is an enzyme?
A catalyst found in living things.
