Biology - 90929 - 1.5

Question 1

The digestive system in mammals breaks down ____ food particles into ____ _____ molecules to they can be taken into the bloodstream and transported around the body.

Answer 1

Large, small soluble

Question 2

Large food molecules, such as protein, are broken down into?

Answer 2

Amino acids

Question 3

Carbohydrates are broken down into?

Answer 3

Glucose molecules

Question 4

Lipids (fats and oils) are broken down into?

Answer 4

Fatty acids and glycerol

Question 5

Which teeth are used to break off small lumps of food?

Answer 5

Incisors

Question 6

Buccal cavity

Answer 6

Mouth

Question 7

Enamel

Answer 7

Hardened mineralised cover to protect tooth

Question 8

Dentine

Answer 8

Softer protective layer

Question 9

Pulp

Answer 9

Soft central part of tooth contained blood vessels and nerves

Question 10

Gum

Answer 10

Soft tissue covering the jaw bone and provides a seal around the mouth

Question 11

Cementum

Answer 11

Soft material that holds the tooth in place

Question 12

Which teeth chews

Answer 12

Molar

Question 13

Which teeth rips/tears

Answer 13

Canine

Question 14

Physical digestion

Answer 14

Breaking food down with teeth (separate to chemical digestion)

Question 15

Amylase

Answer 15

Enzyme in saliva that begins to break down starch

Question 16

Chemical digestion

Answer 16

Process of breaking large molecules into smaller molecules by enzymes

Question 17

Peristalsis

Answer 17

Wave-like muscle contractions that moves food to different processing stations in the digestive tract.

Question 18

What does HCl in the stomach do?

Answer 18

Kills micro-organisms, helps break up some foods, and provides optimum conditions for enzymes

Question 19

Chyme

Answer 19

The semifluid mass of partly digested food that is expelled by the stomach into the duodenum and moves through the intestines during digestion.

Question 20

Pepsin

Answer 20

An enzyme whose zymogen (pepsinogen) is released by the chief cells in the stomach and that degrades food proteins into peptides.

Question 21

Zymogen

Answer 21

A zymogen (or proenzyme) is an inactive enzyme precursor. A zymogen requires a biochemical change (such as a hydrolysis reaction revealing the active site, or changing the configuration to reveal the active site) for it to become an active enzyme.