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Science Yr9 > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

How close together are the particles in a solid

A

Very close

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2
Q

How close together are the particles in a liquid

A

Quite close

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3
Q

How close together are the particles in a gas

A

Wide apart

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4
Q

How are the particles arranged in a solid

A

Ordered

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5
Q

How are the particles arranged in a liquid

A

Random

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6
Q

How are the particles arranged in a gas

A

Random

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7
Q

How do the particles move in a solid

A

Vibrate only

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8
Q

How do the particles move in a liquid

A

Move fairly freely

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9
Q

How do the particles move in a gas

A

Move freely

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10
Q

Why do liqiuds and gases take the shape of their container

A

Particles can move around

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11
Q

Why do solids not take the shape of their container

A

Particles cannot move around

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12
Q

Why can gases be squashed easily

A

There are big spaces between the particles

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13
Q

Why can’t solids and liquids be squashed easily

A

Particles are close together and can’t move

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14
Q

What is the change of state from solid to gas called

A

Sublimation

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15
Q

What is the change of state from gas to solid called

A

Deposition

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16
Q

What is the change of state from solid to liquid called

A

Melting

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17
Q

What is the change of state from liquid to gas called

A

Boiling

18
Q

What is the change of state from gas to liquid called

A

Condensing

19
Q

What is the change of state from liquid to solid called

A

Freezing

20
Q

What are the differences and similarities between boiling and evaporation

A

Same: Change from liquid to gas

Difference:
Boiling: Boiling occurs at a set temperature, Occurs throughout the liquid, there’s bubbles.

Evaporation: can occur below b.p, only happens at the surface, there’s no bubbles

21
Q

When ethanol is heated it boils at 78°C. Its temperature doesn’t rise while it boils. Explain why the temperature
does not rise even though the ethanol is being heated.

A

The energy is used to change state instead of increasing the temperature. It is needed to overcome forces between particles

22
Q

What is in the nucleus of an atom

A

Protons and neutrons

23
Q

What is in shells around the nucleus in an atom

A

Electrons

24
Q

What is the relative mass of a proton

A

1

25
Q

What is the relative mass of a neutron

A

1

26
Q

What is the relative mass of an electron

A

1/2000

27
Q

What is the charge of an proton

A

+1

28
Q

What is the charge of a neutron

A

0

29
Q

What is the charge of an electron

A

-1

30
Q

How to calculate the number of each particle

A

The atomic numer, protons and electrons are always the same amount.

The number of neutrons is the mass number minus the number of protons

31
Q

Why are atoms always neutral

A

The atoms of an element contain equal numbers of protons and electrons and so have no overall charge.

32
Q

What are the rules of maximum amount of electrons in each shell.

A

1st: 2
2nd: 8
3rd: 8
4th: the rest

33
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Different forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nucleus

34
Q

What is formula mass

A

When 2 elements chemically combine to make a compound, the name of the 2nd elements name changes to - ide.

Magnesium + sulphur -> Magnesium Sulphide

35
Q

How do you work out the formula mass

A

When we work out the formula Mass for a compound, we must add together the atomic masses of all the elements in the formula.

You must write the number as a subscript (like an indices but below the number).

36
Q

Work out the formula mass for aluminium Sulphate

Al2(SO4)3

A 
(2xAl) + [(1xS) + (4xO)]3
(2x27) + [(1x32) + (4x16)]3
(2x27) + (32+64)3
54 + (96) x 3
54 + 288 = 342
37
Q

How many elements are there

A

118
92 natural
26 man-made

38
Q

What is a mole

A

A mole is just a number
A mole is 6.022 x 10^23
1g is a mole of hydrogen which has a relative formula of 1.
For example water has a relative formula mass of 18 and a mole of water is 18g. This means that that 2 moles of water equals 36g.

39
Q

How to work out the number of moles

A

Number of moles = mass of substance divided by relative formula mass.

40
Q

What is avogadro’s number

A

6.02 x10^23

41
Q

How to work out the number of particles

A

Number of particles = number of moles x 6.02 x 10^23

42
Q

How to find the percentage of an element in a compound

A

Percentage of an element in a compound = mass of element in compound divided by relative formula mass of compound x100

Science Yr9 (3 decks)

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