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Science Yr9 > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

1
Q

What is variation?

A

The presence of differences between living things of the same species is called variation.

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2
Q

How is variation caused?

A

Causes:
Inherited (genetics)
Environmental

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3
Q

Every cell in the body has DNA

True/False

A

True

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4
Q

What is DNA?

A

DNA is a long strand of genetic code.

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5
Q

How is DNA divided up?

A

DNA is divided up into chromosomes

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6
Q

How many chromosomes are there?

A

They are 23 pairs of chromosomes inside the human body (46)

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7
Q

How many genes dies a chromosome contain?

A

A chromosome contains hundreds of genes.

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8
Q

What is a gene?

A

Each gene codes for a specific protein - which gives us our unique characteristics.
Each gene is made of a small section of DNA.

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9
Q

What are the smallest and largest cell?

A

Largest - ovum (woman)

Smallest - sperm (man)

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10
Q

What shape is DNA?

A

DNA is a double helix.

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11
Q

What is an allele?

A

An allele is a different/alternate form of a gene.

If the gene is eye colour the alleles could be: brown allele , blue allele or green allele.

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12
Q

What are dominant and recessive alleles?

A

Dominant alleles are always expressed if they are present.

Recessive alleles are only expressed if there are 2 recessive alleles present

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13
Q

What is it called if you have two of the same alleles?

A

Homozygous

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14
Q

What is it called if you have 2 different alleles

A

Hetrozygous

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15
Q

What are chromosomes made out of?

A

Chromosomes are made of proteins

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16
Q

How do you show in writing which allele is dominant and which is recessive?

A

A dominant allele is always a capital letter

A recessive allele is always the corresponding small letter.

17
Q

What is the genotype?

A

The genotype is the allele pair for each characteristic.

18
Q

What is the phenotype?

A

The phenotype is the observable characteristic.

19
Q

What are gametes?

A

Gametes are sex cells.

20
Q

What is the name of the genetic diagram?

A

Punnet square

21
Q

Is it possible to have two homozygous brown eyed parents to have a blue eyed child?

A

No

22
Q

What is cystic fibrosis?

A

Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disease. It affects the breathing system and digestive system. The air passages in lungs are coated with a flow of mucus, which traps and removes bacteria. In a person with cystic fibrosis, mucus is thicker than normal

23
Q

Is cystic fibrosis recessive or dominant?

A

Recessive

24
Q

What genotype will a person with cystic fibrosis have?

A

A person with cystic fibrosis has the genotype cc. They have inherited a cystic fibrosis gene from both parents.

25
Q

What is the chance someone will be carrying cystic fibrosis?

A

1/30

26
Q

What is the chance that someone with cystic fibrosis meeting and have children with another carrier?

A

1/900

27
Q

What is polydactyl?

A

Polydactyl is a genetically inherited disease in which you have an extra fingers/toes

28
Q

What does Asexual mean?

A

Asexual is reproduction with one parent.

29
Q

What is the gene pool?

A

The variety of genes available in a population

30
Q

What is a clone?

A

A genetically identical organism.

31
Q

How does cloning work?

A

If there is two sheep Sheep A and Sheep B. A body cell is taken from sheep A and the DNA is extracted. The egg cell is taken from sheep B and the nucleus is removed. The DNA from sheep A is inserted into egg cell from sheep B. This then gets an electric shock. This cell then develops into an embryo and placed into the uterus of a foster mother. Lamb is clone of sheep A

32
Q

Why have we selective breaded cows?

A

We have selected the cows with the most muscle and this gives us the most meat.

33
Q

What is artificial insemination?

A

When the bull’s sperm is injected into a female’s uterus.

34
Q

Why do we do selective breeding?

A

To select certain characteristics and improve the chance of having the perfect offspring. After generations they will be perfect. They do this to speed it up.

35
Q

What is genetic engineering?

A

In genetic engineering, genes from the chromosomes of humans and other organisms can be ‘cut out’ using enzymes.

36
Q

How is genetic engineering used to treat diabetes?

A

Genes that code for the production of insulin are inserted into the bacteria. The bacteria now produce insulin. The bacteria multiply many times, and produce large quantities of insulin. The bacteria are then removed, leaving behind the useful insulin.

37
Q

Examples of genetically engineered animals.

A

Glow in-the-dark mice and spider goat.

38
Q

Pro’s and con’s of genetic engineering.

A

Genetic engineering is good in many ways; we can produce more food, treat illnesses e.t.c. But however it is still bad in many ways. They are changing the ways nature has been for ages with unknown consequences.

Science Yr9 (3 decks)

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