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grade 9 all science notes > chemistry > Flashcards

chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

3 matter

A

anything that has matter and takes up space

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2
Q

element

A

pure substance that can not be broken down by ANY means (ex hydrogen not C02)

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3
Q

3 pure substance

A

substance that is made up of only one type of particle

can be different elements that are stuck in convalent bonds (a molecule)

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4
Q

3 difference between a element and a pure substance

A

a elements is a type of pure substance that only has one elements (hydrogen) a pure substance can be either one elements or multiple in one mass of particles

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5
Q

3 mixture

A

a substance made up of at least 2 different types of particles

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6
Q

3 solution

A

type of mixture where it looks like only one substance

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7
Q

3 types of mixtures

A

solution+ mechanical mixture

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8
Q

3 mechanical mixture

A

mixture where you can see the different substances

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9
Q

compound

A

pure substance with two or more elements I.E water vapor

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10
Q

particle

A

a atom that is made up of subatomic particles

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11
Q

11 electron

A

a negatively charged particle circling around the atoms nucleus

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12
Q

11 neutron

A

neutral particle locked inside the atoms nucleus

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13
Q

11 proton

A

positively charged particle locked inside the atoms nucleus

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14
Q

4 physical property

A

characteristic of a substance that can be determined without changing the composition, uses the 5 senses every substance has its own unique set of physical properties= density

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15
Q

4 chemical property

A

characteristic of a substance that can be determined when the composition in changed and a new substance is produced. ex: reactivity

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16
Q

4 quantitative vs qualitative property

A

both examples of physical properties quantitative is numbers that describe the substance while qualitative is measured in your 5 senses

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17
Q

6 Particle theory

A
  1. particles are always moving
  2. particles are attracted to each other
  3. particles move faster and further apart when heated
  4. particles have tiny spaces between them
  5. all matter is made up of tiny particles
  6. all pure substance have the same type of particle
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18
Q

7 states of matter

A

solid, liquid, gas

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19
Q

7 solid

A

a substance with closely packed particles that don’t fill up the container and vibrate with each other

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20
Q

7 liquid

A

a substance that has loosely packed particles and fills the container and no definite shape

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21
Q

7 gas

A

a substance that fills the container has particles that have a lot of space between them and has no define shape no fixed volume and a low denicty

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22
Q

8 Democritus’ model of the atom

A

when: in 400 BCE
who: Greek philosopher
what: he proposed that all matter could be divided until a single particle was reached- he called it the atom
he proposed that: atoms are= all different sizes, always moving, separated by empty spaces

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23
Q

8 john Dalton model of the atom

A

when: 1807
who: English scientist
what: billiard ball m odel
he proposed: all matter is made up of atoms
all atoms in a element are the same
diff element= diff
atoms can be rearranged but never created or destroyed

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24
Q

8 J.J Thompson’s model of the atom

A

when: 1897
who: some guy
what: plum pudding model
he proposed: that small particles could be emitted by hot materials
they attracted to positive side or things
so they would be negative
called electrons
atoms have electrons
rest of atom is positive
evenly distributed

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25
Q

8 Earnest Rutherford

A

when: 1907
who: a new Zealand chemist
what: gold foil experiment- he shot small positively charged particles through a piece of foil expecting them to go through, but instead some deflected, by a central mass
he proposed: the nucleus= has a positive charge
most of the mass, small
surrounded by a cloud of electrons
rest in empty space
also that there is a proton in the nucleus with a neutral particle

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26
Q

8 James Chadwick

A

when: 1932
who: Rutherford’s student
what: found a particle that could disintegrate atoms and have 0 charge
proposed: atom must be empty with a nucleus
nucleus has protons and neutrons
mass of neutron= mass or proton
electrons circle around nucleus
neutral atom has =pro and electrons

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27
Q

8 Neils Bohr

A

when:
who: Danish scientist
what: electron shells
proposed: there are different orbits for electrons
each electron has a definite amount of energy and the farther from the nuc it is the more energy it has
electrons jump from a higher orbit to a lower they release light
each orbit has a max number of electrons they can hold

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28
Q

8 what is named after bohr and Rutherford

A

the model of the atom is named after them both, used to explain the properties of the first 20 elements

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29
Q

9 periodic table

A

table of elements

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30
Q

12 mass number

A

the number of protons and neutrons in the atoms nucleus

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31
Q

12 atomic number

A

the number of proton sin a atoms nucleus

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32
Q

icetope

A

an atom of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

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33
Q

14 alkali metals

A

what group: 1
example: lithium
description: shiny, silvery, soft, highly reactive,
low density, can float on water
combine easily with other elements and compounds

34
Q

14 alkaline earth metals

A

what group: 2
example:
description: shiny, silvery,
not as soft or reactive as alkali metals
they burn bright and colorful like fireworks

35
Q

14 halogens

A

what group: 17
example: can be a gas (f,CI) can be a liquid (BR) or a solid (I, AT)
description: very reactive, rarely found in elemental form
often compounds

36
Q

14 noble gases

A

what group: 18
example:
description: stable, nonreactive, colorless, odorless, tasteless, glow when a electric current passes through it,
non toxic

37
Q

10 non metals

A

elements usually gas or dull powdery solid
not conductible with heat or electricity
makes up the right corner of the PT

38
Q

10 metals

A

element that is lustrous, malleable, ductile, conducts heat and electricity
it makes up the left and center of the periodic table

39
Q

10 metaloids

A

and element that has properties of a metal and a non metal

found on the bold staircase on the right corner of the PT

40
Q

9 chemical family

A

column of elements
have similar properties on the periodic table
as you go down the column shells are added each family has the same number of valance electrons

41
Q

9 period

A

Row of elements on the PT
show trends of higher or lower reactivity
as you go from left to right one valance electron is added
each row has the same number of shells

42
Q

density

A

density= mass/ volume
means mass per unit of volume
is a physical property
unique for each substance

43
Q

alloy

A

solid solutions of two or more metals
used for many purposes
solder is an example

44
Q

atom

A

the smallest unit of a element

has subatomic particles inside it

45
Q

element symbol

A

abbreviation for the chemical symbol

ex hydrogen= H

46
Q

valance electrons

A

the electrons on the outer shell of the atom
can fill up just like the other shells
but can trade or give away with other elements

47
Q

how atoms combine

A

atoms combine to become more stable, meaning that they have a full outer shell
can loose gain or share electrons to become stable

48
Q

how metals and metals combine

A

when you have two metals you don’t chemically connect them by using electron movement
instead you create an alloy by melting, mixing then solidifying

49
Q

how metals and non metals combine

A

metals loose their valance electrons and shed their outer shell because it is now empty
while the non metal gains the few atoms they need and have a now full outer shell

50
Q

how non metals and non metals combine

A

there elements don’t give away valance electrons to become full
instead they share the necessary electrons by using a convelent bond creating a molocule
ex: H2O is 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen that are sharing electrons to all become full

51
Q

ion

A

a charged atom

52
Q

cation

A

a positively charged atom

53
Q

anion

A

a negatively charged atom

54
Q

whmis

A 
workplace 
hazardous 
materials 
information 
system
55
Q

hhps

A

harzardous
household
products
symbols

56
Q

danger (hhps)

A

octagon

57
Q

warning (hhps)

A

diamond

58
Q

caution (hhps)

A

triangle

59
Q

scull and bones (hhps)

A

poisonous

60
Q

fire (hhps)

A

flammable

61
Q

pow (hhps)

A

explosive

62
Q

hand (hhps)

A

corrosive

63
Q

rolling pin (whmis)

A

compressed gas

64
Q

fire (whmis)

A

flammable+ combustible

65
Q

flame circle (whmis)

A

oxidizer

66
Q

bones and scull (whmis)

A

poisonous and infectious immediate effect+ serious

67
Q

T with a . (whmis)

A

poisonous and infectious and other toxic effects

68
Q

4 circles (whmis)

A

bio hazardous+ infectious

69
Q

hands+ pills? (whmis)

A

corrosive

70
Q

R with test tube

A

dangerously radioactive

71
Q

clarity (pp)

A

ability to let light through

72
Q

lustre (pp)

A

shinny, dull

73
Q

form (pp)

A

regular or irregular

74
Q

texture (pp)

A

smooth coarse etc

75
Q

hardness (pp)

A

ability to be scratched

76
Q

brittleness (pp)

A

ability to break apart

77
Q

malleability

A

ability to be folded

78
Q

ductility

A

ability to be stretched

79
Q

viscosity

A

ability to flow or pour

80
Q

electrical conductivity

A

ability to let electric current pass through it

grade 9 all science notes (8 decks)

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