astronamy pt3

Question 1

geocentric model

Answer 1

the idea that the earth was at the center of the solar system
also earth was thought to be stationary because they couldn’t feel it move

Question 2

heliocentric model

Answer 2

the idea that the sun was at the center of the universe
Nickolas Cupernicus
supported by astronomy

Question 3

order of planets

Answer 3

mercury, Venus, Earth, mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

Question 4

Kuiper belt

Answer 4

disk shaped regions beyond Neptune commets asteroids lot a lot of ice bodies

Question 5

Oort Cloud

Answer 5

cloud with ice bodies surround the sun

Question 6

retrograde motion

Answer 6

apparent motion of a planet in a direction opposite that the other bodies in the system are going in
an illusion created by the look of the skies
all the other planets are going faster so it looks like it’s going backwards
if the motion is normal and not retrograde it is called prograde

Question 7

AU

Answer 7

astronomical unit is the distance from the earth to the sun= 1 AU
To find another planets Au you just take their distance to the sun and divide it by 1 AU (149.6 million km)

Question 8

light years

Answer 8

the distance light travels in a year

can measure other distances in space

Question 9

parsec

Answer 9

3.26 light years

Question 10

scientific notation

Answer 10

a way to write high numbers by writing a number between 1-9 then writing 10 exposent the times you want to times the number by 10

Question 11

the HR diagram

Answer 11

a tool to show different relationships between stars
it measures luminosity and temperature
at different ages/stages at the same time
each star is a dot
y axis= luminosity
x axis= surface temp, right- lower temperature
used to show the elevation of stars and investigate their properties

Question 12

main sequence star on the HR diagram

Answer 12

a star with a predictable relationship between brightness and temperature
would mean that if its hotter than its brighter
or cooler then its dimmer
throught the middle of the HR

Question 13

giants

Answer 13

cool but very luminous
very large
has the same energy as the main sequance but are bigger
just above the main sequance the the right

Question 14

super giants

Answer 14

very luminous more than giants
very large
top right corner

Question 15

white dwarfs

Answer 15

very hot but dim so very small

bottom left corner or HR

Question 16

star evolution

Answer 16

stars spend 90% of their lives in the main sequence burning helium and hydrogen
then then become giants or super giants when they finish burning hydrogen and begin burning just helium
white dwarfs is the last step for low intermediate mass stars

Question 17

stellar spectra

Answer 17

the use of a spectroscope to look at the light energy of a star to determine it’s composition
can find out what elements are in it and what their temperatures are

Question 18

spectroscope

Answer 18

split’s light energy into a pattern of colors (visible light) for observation
each element shows a recognizable pattern of lines
physical property

Question 19

the big bang

Answer 19

approx 13.7 billion years ago there was a single atom (singularity)
and all matter and space created in an instant from the singularity
it keeps growing
energy converted into matter in clumps created protons neutrons electrons and atoms

Question 20

the process of the big bang

Answer 20

atoms formed creating hydrogen and icetopes
the universe was 75% hydrogen and 25% helium (like now)
years later
stars and galaxies formed
our solar system was formed approx 4.6 billion years ago

Question 21

misconceptions of the big bang

Answer 21

there was no explosion- only an expansion
there was nothing before the singularity
the singularity was not a burning flame
expansion started at time 0

Question 22

how does Hubble’s law prove the big bang

Answer 22

he proved that the galaxies are always expanding and red shift

Question 23

how does background radiation prove the big bang

Answer 23

people noticed that were was radiation static that was spread across space
believed to be left over from the big bang

Question 24

hubble’s law

Answer 24

Hubble proved a expanding universe by noticing that other galaxies are red shifted proving that they are going away from us
he also noticed that the further away the galaxy the faster is is moving away
proving the expanding universe

Question 25

Doppler shift

Answer 25

the change in frequency/ wavelength of a wave because of the movement in the source
if a source is coming to you the waves become blue shifted and become more frequent
as the source is going away it becomes red shifted and the wavelength become less frequent

Question 26

spiral galaxy

Answer 26

shaped like a flattened disk
has one or more arms in a spiral
our solar system is on one of the arms of our galaxy
can have nebulae

Question 27

elliptical galaxy

Answer 27

about 1/3 of galaxies 
massive blobs of stars 
round or elliptical in shape 
no gas so no new stars can form 
largest and smallest galaxies are elliptical

Question 28

irregular galaxy

Answer 28

not in any other category
chaotic
found near spirals
the spirals mess up their shape

Question 29

comet

Answer 29

made of carbon hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen
when it is far from the sun it is a cold dark ice ball
are a few km long also made of dust
surrounded by hydrogen gas creating a glow
when they travel to the sun the icy shell evaporates falling back to create a tail as well as creating a coma

Question 30

tails

Answer 30

as the comet evaporates the ice goes back to create one tail
there is also another tail made of dust that leans one way

Question 31

coma

Answer 31

when the ice evaporates on the comet some of it stays around and gives it a fuzzy look

Question 32

short orbits

Answer 32

years or decades
is always prograde motion
comes from the Kuiper Belt

Question 33

long orbits

Answer 33

century- a thousand years
can be retrograde or prograde
from the oort cloud

Question 34

kuiper belt

Answer 34

a region of the solar system beyond the orbit of Neptune, believed to contain many comets, asteroids, and other small bodies made largely of ice.