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SCIENCE EXAM REVISION > CHEMISTRY > Flashcards

CHEMISTRY Flashcards

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1
Q

What are protons

A

Have a positive charge

Found in the nucleus

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2
Q

What are neutrons

A

Have no electrical charge
Same mass as protons
Found in nucleus

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3
Q

What are electrons

A

Surround the nucleus
Have negative charge
Located on the outside of the atom

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4
Q

What is a nucleus

A

Found in the middle of atom

Made up of protons and neutrons

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5
Q

What is the mass number

A

Located in the top left corner
Number of protons and neutrons
BIGGER NUMBER

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6
Q

Atomic number

A

Located in the bottom left corner
Number of protons only
Same number as electrons
(SMALL NUMBER)

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7
Q

How to calculate problems

A

The number of neutrons= atomic mass-atomic number
Eg) FLURINE= 19-9
= 10 neutrons

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8
Q

What is atomic mass

A

Protons + neutrons

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9
Q

What is the atomic number

A

Just the protons

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10
Q

Rules for atomic number problems

A

Atomic number is no. Of protons
Mass no. Is no. Of protons and neutrons
No. Of protons is the same as the first column
No. Of neutrons is the first column minus the second column
No. Of electrons is the mass no. Minus the atomic number

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11
Q

How do u know if a chemical reaction has taken place

A

Smell
Sound
Colour
Smoke

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12
Q

How is radioactivity caused

A

If neutrons and protons in an isotope are not together they are unstable and can break into other elements

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13
Q

What is an isotope

A

Different forms of an element
Share the same no. Of protons but different no. Of neutrons
Same atomic number but different atomic mass

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14
Q

How to pick an isotope

A

Look for the same atomic number but different mass number

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15
Q

What are the three different types of radioactivity

A

Alpha (a)
Beta (B)
Gamma (y)

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16
Q

Alpha particles

A

Contain 2 protons and 2 neutrons
Positively charged
Can’t travel easily
Can be stopped by paper or human skin

17
Q

Beta particles

A 
Same size and mass as electrons 
Negative or positive charge 
Can travel at the speed of light 
Can penetrate human skin
Can't penetrate plastic, wood or aluminium
18
Q

Gamma rays

A

Came after alpha and beta particles
Travel at speed of light
Cause damage to living tissue
Stopped by lead or concrete

19
Q

Ionic bonding

A

Chemical bond between a metal iron and non-metal ion
Metal atom loses electron to form a Cation
Non-metal atoms gains electrons to form anion

20
Q

Chemical formula for ionic compounds

A

Write name of metal first
Write name of non metal second
Replace the end of the non metal with ‘ide’

21
Q

How to solve an ionic formula

A

Cross solve by taking the metal ion to the bottom of the non metal and the non metal across to the metal

22
Q

How to identify reactant from product

A

New substances formed= product

Original substance= reactant

23
Q

What do chemical reactions involve

A

Re-arrangements or atoms

Breaking bonds

24
Q

What is the law of conservation

A

Any atoms represented in the reactants must be present in the products
Matter can’t be created or destroyed

25
Q

What is an endothermic reaction

A

When energy is absorbed during a reaction as heat
Reaction needs more energy to form new bonds
DECREASE IN TEMP
Eg) melting ice

26
Q

What is an exothermic reaction

A

When energy is released during a reaction
Heat energy is left over after new bonds are formed
INCREASE IN TEMP
Eg) cellular respiration

27
Q

What is complete combustion

A

When hydrocarbon reacts with lots of oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapour are formed

28
Q

What is incomplete combustion

A

When hydrocarbon reacts with limited oxygen, cabin soot, carbon monoxide and water vapour are produced

29
Q

What is the NATURAL green house effect

A

When sunlight passes through
Earth absorbs light and emits radiation
Heat is trapped from radiation
Keeps planet warm

30
Q

What is ENHANCED green house effect

A

To do with human activity increasing amount
More gas= more radiation
Trapped heat= increased temp

31
Q

Properties of acid

A

Sour taste
Can be dangerous
Sometimes used in food

32
Q

Properties of bases

A

Slippery on skin
Bitter taste
Common in cleaning products

33
Q

pH scale range

A

Acids~0-6 (pinks)
Neutral~ 7 (greens)
Bases~8-14 (blue/purple)

34
Q

Acid +metal

A

=hydrogen +salt

35
Q

Acid + metal carbonate

A

= carbon dioxide +water +salt

36
Q

Acid +base

A

=salt +water

37
Q

Chemical formula for oxygen gas, hydrogen gas, carbon dioxide and water

A

O2+H2—–>CO2+H2O

SCIENCE EXAM REVISION (3 decks)

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