Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HESI > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

ion

A
  • when an atom is electrically charged
  • also known as ionic state
  • usually when in a solution or in the form of a chemical compound
  • either lost electrons, positive charge or gained electrons, negative charge
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

periodic table

A
  • rows called periods
  • columns called groups
  • table of known elements arranged according to their properties
  • makes it possible to predict the charge of an atom
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Group charges

A
  • Group IA - +1
  • Group IIA- +2
  • Group IIIA- +3
  • Group IV- +4 or -4
  • Group VA -3
  • Group VIA -2
  • Group VIIA -1
  • Group VIIIA- noble gas, no charge in solution, neutral
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

number of electrons in the outer shell

A
  • Group IA has 1 electron in the outer shell
  • Group IIA has 2 e-
  • Group IIIA has 3 e-
  • Group IVA has 4 e-
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

atomic number

A
  • the number of protons in the nucleus
  • it defines an atom as a particular element
  • number of protons never changes
  • located on the top of each element on the periodic table
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

atomic mass

A
  • the average mass of each of that element’s isotopes
  • isotopes are different kinds of the same atom that vary in weight
  • protons and neutrons have similar mass
  • number at the bottom of the square on the periodic table
  • number of protons remains same but the number of neutrons varies to make different isotopes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

compound

A
  • mixtures of different elements to create a single matter
  • elements in combination with one another
  • NaCl
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

chemical equations

A
  • like recipes
  • ingredients, called reactants, react to produce desired end results or compounds, called products
  • Reactants —–> Products
  • arrow is also present, signifies direction of the reaction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the law of conservation of mass

A
  • that mass cannot be created or destroyed during a chemical reaction
  • equation must be balanced
  • same number of each element must be represented on both sides of the equation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

equilibrium

A
  • a state in which reactants are forming products at the same rate that products are forming reactants
  • can be reversible
  • A+B C+D
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

4 ways to increase rate of reaction

A
  1. increase the temperature in the reaction
  2. increase the surface area of the reactants
  3. add a catalyst
  4. increase the concentrations of reactants
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Increase rate of reaction: Temperature increase

A
  • causes the particles to have a greater kinetic energy, causing them to move faster, increasing their chances of contact and the energy in which they collide
  • contact is when the chemical reaction occurs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

increase rate of reaction: increasing the surface area

A
  • increasing surface area of particles in the reaction gives the particles more opportunity to come into contact with one another
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

increase rate of reaction: catalyst

A
  • accelerates a reaction by reducing the activation energy or the amount of energy necessary for a reaction to occur
  • catalyst is not used up in the reaction and can
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

increase rate of reaction: increasing concentration

A

-increasing concentration of the reactants will cause more chance collisions between the reactants and produce more products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

solutions

A
  • defined as a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
  • in the solution there is solute, the part or parts that are being dissolved and the solvent, the part that is doing the dissolving
17
Q

Alloys

A

-solid solutions of metals to make a new once such as bronze, which is copper and tin, or steel, which is iron and carbon, and may contain, tungsten, chromium and mangenese

18
Q

amalgams

A

a specific type of alloy in which a metal is dissolved in mercury

19
Q

emulsions

A

mixtures of matter that readily separate such as oil and water

20
Q

molar concentrations

A
  • a mole is 6.02 X 10^23 molecules of something
  • known as Avogadro’s number
  • written as mol/L
21
Q

chemical reactions

A
  • making or changing chemical bonds between elements or compounds to create new chemical compounds with different chemical formulas and different chemical properties
  • 5 types of chemical reactions
  • product is generally a molecule
  • a molecule may have a subscript written after the chemical symbol O2
22
Q

Synthesis Reaction: CR

A
  • two elements combine to form a product

- 2K+ + 2Cl- –> 2KCl

23
Q

decomposition: CR

A

-opposite of synthesis because it breaks a compound into 2 components

24
Q

combustion: CR

A
  • self-sustaining, exothermic (creates heat) chemical reaction where oxygen and a fuel compound such as hydrocarbon react
  • products are CO2 and H2O
25
Q

single replacement: CR

A
  • involve ionic compounds, whether or not the reaction will take place is based on the reactivity of the metals involved
  • consist of a more active metal reacting with an ionic compound containing a less active metal to produce a new compound
26
Q

double replacement: CR

A
  • involve 2 ionic compounds
  • the positive ion from one compound combines with the negative ion of another compound
  • result is two new ionic compounds that have “switched partners”
27
Q

Ionic bond

A
  • an electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged ions, or a cation and an anion
  • bond is normally formed between a metal and a nonmetal
28
Q

Covalent Bond

A
  • when 2 atoms share an electron, in pairs
  • strongest bond formed between two nonmetals
  • if electrons are shared equally the bond is non-polar
  • if electrons are not shared equally the bond is polar
29
Q

Polarity

A
  • the difference in electronegativity values for the elements involved in the bond
  • the greater the difference, the more polar the bond will be, or one side of the molecule will have a charge distinctly more positive and the other side of the moelcule will be more negative in charge
30
Q

intermolecular forces

A
  • not interactions between atoms within a molecule
  • it is weaker forces of attraction between whole molecules
  • hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole interactions and dispersion forces
31
Q

Hydrogen bond

A
  • the attraction for a H atom by a highly electronegative element
  • elements usually include F, O and N
  • strongest of the intermolecular forces
32
Q

Dipole-Dipole interactions

A
  • the attraction of one dipole on one molecule for the dipole of another molecule
  • a dipole is created when an electron pair is shared unequally in a covalent bond between two atoms or elements
  • because they are shared unequally the molecule will have a positive and a negative end
  • result is a weak bond between molecules, where the more highly electropositive end of a molecule is attracted to the electronegative end of another molecule
  • weak intermolecular force
33
Q

Dispersion Forces

A
  • weakest of al intermolecular forces
  • sometimes electrons within an element or compound will concentrate themselves on one side of an atom
  • this causes temporary dipole, which would be attracted to another momentary dipole of opposite charge in another near element or compound
34
Q

acids

A
  • are corrosive to metals
  • they change blue litmus paper red and become less acidic when mixed with base
  • compounds that are hydrogen or proton donors
  • hydrogen in its ionic state is simply a proton
  • hydronium is a water molecule plus a proton or a hydrogen
  • all acids produce hydronium when placed in water (H3O+)
  • H20 can act as an acid or base
  • pH- lower than 7 is acidic
35
Q

bases

A
  • also called alkaline compounds, are substances that denature proteins, making them feel very slick
  • they change red litmus paper blue and become less basic when mixed with acids
  • hydrogen or proton acceptors and hace hydroxide (OH)
  • pH- higher than 7 is alkaline
36
Q

Alpha radiation

A
  • the emission of helium nuclei
  • particles contain two protons and two neutrons causing them to have a charge of plus two
  • the largest of the radioactive emissions, and penetration from alpha particles can generally be stopped by a piece of paper
37
Q

beta radiation

A
  • product of decomposition of a neutron or proton
  • composed of high-energy, high-speed electrons that began as neutrons or protons
  • either positive or negatively charged
  • no mass so can be stopped by a thin piece of aluminum foil

HESI (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions