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Science Year 10 > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

Define- chemical change

A

When a new substance forms during a chemical reactions and cannot be easily reversed.

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2
Q

Define- physical change

A

A change of state, between solid, liquid and gas and no new substance is formed (can be easily reversed)

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3
Q

Define- atom

A

Smallest particle of an element

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4
Q

Define- periodic table

A

Table is which all of the known elements are arranged

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5
Q

Define- atomic number

A

Number of protons/electrons in an atom

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6
Q

Define- malleable

A

Property of a metal- can be shaped

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7
Q

Define- density

A

The mass of a substance divided by it’s volume to determine how close the particles inside are

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8
Q

What is density measured in?

A

g/cm3 or kg/L

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9
Q

Define- conductor

A

Property of a metal that can let electricity and heat through it easily

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10
Q

Define- mass number

A

Number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

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11
Q

Define- proton

A

The positively charged particle found in the nucleus of the atom

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12
Q

Define- neutron

A

The neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom

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13
Q

Define- electron

A

The negatively charged particle, with no mass, found in the orbitals surrounding the nucleus.

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14
Q

Define- ion

A

An atom or molecule that has gained or lost electrons to form a full valence shell and become stable.

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15
Q

Define- reactant

A

A substance that takes part in, or gets changed in a chemical reaction. Appears on the left in a word or symbol equation)

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16
Q

Define- product

A

The substances that form during a chemical reaction (appears on the right in a word or symbol equation)

17
Q

Define- valence shell

A

The outermost orbital of an atom

18
Q

Distinguish between where metals and non-metals are located on the periodic table

A

The nonmetals are located on the upper right side of the periodic table. The metals are located on the left side.

19
Q

What properties do all metals share?

A

Lustrous, malleable, ductile and electrical conductors

20
Q

What are the columns called?

A

Groups

21
Q

What are the rows called?

A

Periods

22
Q

What do atoms in the same GROUP have?

A

The same number of valence electrons

23
Q

What do atoms in the same PERIOD have?

A

The same number of electron shells

24
Q

Why are atoms in group 18 called noble gases?

A

They have full valence shells so can’t form ions or compounds

25
Q

What does the electron arrangement show?

A

The electron arrangement shows how many electrons are on each shell

26
Q

Why are atoms neutral overall?

A

Atoms are neutral overall because the total number of negatively charged electrons is the same as the number of positively charged protons so they cancel each other out

27
Q

What do word equations show?

A

Word equations show what has happened in a reaction

28
Q

What happens if an atom loses electrons?

A

It forms a positive charged ion

29
Q

What happens if an atom gains electrons?

A

It forms a negative charged ion

30
Q

Why are ionic compounds neutral overall?

A

The positive and negative charges of the ions cancel each other out

31
Q

What are some observations you would see during a chemical reaction?

A

Colour change, fizzing/bubbles meaning gas is being produced, heat or light is produced, burning anything (a reaction to oxygen)

32
Q

What are some observations you would see during a physical reaction?

A

A change of shape, a change of state, dissolving

33
Q

Compare and contrast a physical/chemical change

A

A physical change is easy to reverse whereas chemical reactions are not. Physical changes can include a change of state or shape while chemical changes can include a change of colour. In both chemical and physical changes, the atoms/elements will stay the same, and a change of density could happen.

Science Year 10 (7 decks)

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