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Science Year 10 > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define- organelle

A

small part of a cell with a particular job to do e.g nucleus

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2
Q

Define- cell

A

smallest part of a living organism e.g nerve cell, muscle cell

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3
Q

Define- tissue

A

a group of specialised cells that carry out a particular job

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4
Q

Define- organ

A

a group of different tissues that work together to carry out a job in a system e.g brain, heart, skin

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5
Q

Define- organ system

A

a group of different organs which work together to carry out a specific life process in an organism e.g respiratory

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6
Q

Define- antagonistic muscles

A

muscles that work in pairs to control the movement of joints

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7
Q

Define- joints

A

where bones come together and they allow for controlled movement

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8
Q

Define- cartilage

A

flexible tissue that covers the end of the bone at a joint and connects bone together

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9
Q

Define- ligament

A

fibres that hold bone to bone to a joint. It prevents movement that may damage a joint.

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10
Q

Define- tendon

A

fibres that attach muscle to bone

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11
Q

Define- breathing

A

the process of taking air in (inhalation) and out of the lungs (exhalation)

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12
Q

Define- cellular respiration

A

process in a cell that converts glucose and oxygen to create energy (cO2 is also given off)

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13
Q

Define- trachea

A

the ribbed tube that carries air from the throat to the lungs

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14
Q

Define- bronchiole

A

the small airways that air passes through to the small alveoli

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15
Q

Define- alveoli

A

the small air sacs where gas exchange occurs in the lungs

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16
Q

Define- artery

A

a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart

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17
Q

Define- vein

A

a blood vessel that carries blood towards the lungs

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18
Q

Define- capillary

A

very thin blood vessel that allows for passage of water, oxygen, nutrients and waste products

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19
Q

Define- red blood cell

A

a cell in the blood that carries oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body

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20
Q

Define- white blood cell

A

cells found in blood that help defend it from infection such as bacteria and viruses

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21
Q

Define- ventricle

A

the lower chambers of the heart that pump blood, the left to the body and the right to the lungs

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22
Q

Define- atrium

A

the upper chambers of the heart that receive blood, the left from the lungs and the right from the body

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23
Q

Define- aorta

A

the largest artery in the body that leaves the left ventricle and takes oxygenated blood to the body

24
Q

Define- vena cava

A

two large blood vessels that return deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart

25
Q

Define- pulmonary

A

relating to the lungs e.g pulmonary artery carries blood to the lungs

26
Q

Put organ systems, cells, organs, tissue and organelles in order from SMALLEST to LARGEST

A

organelles, cells, tissue, organs, organ system

27
Q

What is the main function of the skeletal system?

A

The main function of the skeletal system is to support and protect your body while also allowing our body to move. The skeletal system keeps our body in a upright/supported position

28
Q

Why are cells specialised?

A

In our body there are different organ systems which have specialised roles (egg muscular systems, circulatory systems etc.) These systems contain organs (e.g kidneys) which each have particular functions. For the organs to have different functions, the tissues inside (e.g kidney tissue) must be adapted to carry out particular roles. Therefore the cells that make up the tissues must be specialised to carry out these unique roles (e.g kidney tissue).

29
Q

What is the main function of the skeletal system?

A

The main function of the skeletal system is to support and protect your body while also allowing our body to move. The skeletal system keeps our body upright/supported using the vertebrae, and the ribcage keeps our heart protected. The radius and ulna are involved in the movement of the arm.

30
Q

What is the main function of the muscular system?

A

The main function of the muscular system is to help our body move. An example of muscles helming our body move is the rib- moving the leg. Muscles also internally keep our body moving- the heart etc.

31
Q

What is a synovial joint?

A

A synovial joint is a joint which contains a sac of fluid that lubricates the joint e.g knee joint, shoulder joint

32
Q

What do ligaments look like visually?

A

Very long and stretched

33
Q

Define- meniscus

A

The meniscus transfers the load from the upper leg to the lower leg and stabilises the knee.

34
Q

Define- synovial fluid

A

The synovial fluid is made by the synovial membrane ad has a lubricating function.

35
Q

What does a white blood cell look like?

A

Round and is involved in the immunity system

36
Q

What does a red blood cell look like?

A

A bowl/doughnut shape and carries oxygen

37
Q

What does a platelet blood cell look like?

A

Smaller than white and red blood cells and are involved in blood clotting

38
Q

What does a plasma blood cell look like?

A

A light yellow liquid. A dilute solution of salts, glucose, amino acids, vitamins, urea, protein and fat.

39
Q

What do blood vessels do?

A

Blood vessels carry around blood which contains nutrients/oxygen waste products

40
Q

Where is deoxygenated and oxygenated blood?

A

The deoxygenated blood is on the left side of the body (looking at the page) and the oxygenated blood is on the right side of the body

41
Q

What is the order of blood vessels from deoxygenated to oxygenated blood?

A

Aorta, arteries, capillaries, veins, vena cava

42
Q

What are the three main components of the circulatory system?

A

Blood, blood vessels, heart.

43
Q

What do valves do?

A

Valves act as one-way doors- they open to let blood exit or enter a chamber, then closing to keep blood from flowing backward.

44
Q

Describe the journey of a red blood cell from the vena cava, around the circulatory system and back to the vena cava.

A

Carrying the oxygen, the red blood cells move from the vena cava to the right atrium and then pass through the right ventricle. The blood is then pumped through the pulmonary artery to the lungs to get oxygenated. The blood moves through the pulmonary vein to the left atrium and left ventricle and then through the aorta. Th red blood cell flows through the arteries, and then to the capillaries until it reaches the muscle organs and the oxygen is delivered. The red blood cells then move back through the capillaries.

45
Q

Explains the effects of exercise on the heart rate

A

When we exercise our muscles work harder so they require more oxygen. This means the blood needs to move faster around the body which causes our heart to pump faster and therefore our heart rate increases.

46
Q

Describe how the gas exchange in the alveoli works

A

Co2 goes out and O2 (oxygen) goes in. Gases pass the membrane between the alveoli and capillaries. In the capillary the deoxygenated gas turns into oxygenated gas.

47
Q

Look at the arm

A

!!!

48
Q

Look at the knee

A

!!!

49
Q

Look at the skeleton

A

!!!

50
Q

Look at the leg

A

!!!

51
Q

Compare and contrast the flexion of the knee and elbow joint

A

The elbow and knee joint are both synovial joints. Synovial joints are joints which contains a sac of fluid that lubricate the joint. The elbow and knee joint are also both antagonistic muscles. When the elbow flexes the triceps extends and the bicep contract sand when the knee flexes, the hamstring extends and quadriceps contract (and vice versa).

52
Q

Define- respiration

A

A chemical reaction to get energy to carry out MRS C GREN

53
Q

What is the respiration word equation?

A

glucose + oxygen= water + carbon dioxide + energy

54
Q

Define- breathing

A

A physical process of inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide

55
Q

Discuss the effects of exercise on the circulatory and respiratory system

A

When we exercise we move (MRS C GREN) which means we require more energy. To obtain more energy we need our cells to undergo respiration. For more respiration we need more oxygen and glucose which we get by breathing. The oxygen is absorbed into the red blood cells in the blood from the alveoli by the process of breathing. Oxygen molecules are inhaled via the mouth, nose, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchiole and alveoli. After being absorbed into the blood, the oxygenated blood then travels to the heart before being pumped around the body via arteries to the muscles and organ cells.

56
Q

Where does breathing happen?

A

In the lungs

57
Q

Where does respiration happen?

A

In the mitochondria of cells

Science Year 10 (7 decks)

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