Chemistry Flashcards
Heat of Fusion
Amount of heat it takes to change a solid to a liquid
Heat of Vaporization
The amount of heat it takes to change a substance from liquid to gas
Latent Heat
The heat required to undergo a phase change
Metalloids
Have characteristics of both metals and non metals. They are:
- Limited conduction of electricity and solid phase at standard temp and pressure
- found in stair step pattern from boron to Astatine
- some favor covalent bonds, others ionic
Transition Metals
The middle section of the periodic table
- good conductors of heat and electricity
- less reactive than alkali metals
- high melting points
- tend to form salts when reacting with halogens
Boyle’s Law
Pressure and volume of a gas have an inverse relationship when temperature is constant.
P1V1 = P2V2
Chemical Equilibrium
When the forward and backward reaction rates are equal. The reaction may continue to proceed forward and backward.
Ideal Gas Law
A gas is composed of molecules that are totally independent of each other and behave ideally
PV = nRT
P= pressure V= volume n= number of moles T= temperature
R is universal gas constant (should be given)
Charles’s Law
The volume of a fixed amount of gas at constant pressure is directly proportional to absolute temperature
V1 = V2
– —
T1 T2
Combined Gas Law
Uses Charles, Boyles, and Gay-Lussacs Laws combined
(P1V1)/T1 = (P2V2)/T2
Coulombs Law (equation)
U= k (Q1Q2/d)
Determines magnitude (U) d= distance between 2 charges Q1 and Q2= strengths of 2 charges k= constant
Molarity
Mol solute/ L of solution
Supersaturated
A solution in which more than the maximum amount of solute is dissolved and there is no precipitate
ΔGrxn
Gibbs Free energy of Reaction
If it is positive it is a non spontaneous reaction
If it is negative it is spontaneous
Distillation
A method that is based on a difference in boiling point. Can be used to separate mixtures. (Such as methanol and water)
