chemistry

Question 1

Structure of Matter

Answer 1

atoms - smallest particle of an element

elements - identical atoms with similar properties that are representative of that element.

matter - takes up space and has mass (weight). It is composed of elements.

Question 2

3 types of element catagories

Answer 2

Bulk elements – required by the body in large amounts

Trace elements - required by the body in small amounts

Ultratrace elements – required by the body in very minute amounts

Question 3

3 parts of atomic structure

Answer 3

atom

neucleus

orbitals

Question 4

Atoms are composed of 3 subatomic particles:

Answer 4

Proton – carries a single positive charge

Neutron – carries no electrical charge

Electron – carries a single negative charge

Question 5

the Nucleus is?

Answer 5

1. Central part of atom

2. Made of protons + neutrons

Question 6

Orbitals are?

Answer 6

Electrons moving around the nucleus.

Question 7

characteristics of Atomic Number (also called the Element Number)

Answer 7

1) Number of protons in the nucleus of 1 atom
2) Each element has unique chemical properties and unique atomic #
3) Equals the number of electrons in the atom

Question 8

2 characteristics of Atomic Weight?

Answer 8

1) The # of protons plus the # of neutrons in 1 atom

2) Electrons do not contribute to the atoms weight.

Question 9

4 things which make up an isotope:

Answer 9

1) Atoms have same atomic #’s but different atomic weights
2) Atoms with the same # of protons and electrons but a different # of neutrons
3) Oxygen often forms isotopes (O16, O17, and O18)
4) Unstable isotopes are radioactive; they emit energy or atomic fragments: Carbon14

Question 10

Why study chemistry in an Anatomy and Physiology class?

Answer 10

-The body is made up of chemicals the most abundant of which are Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen

Body functions depend on cellular chemical functions

Question 11

molecules and compounds are formed by

Answer 11

atoms of the same or different elements

Question 12

particle formed when 2 or more atoms chemically combine

Answer 12

molecule

Question 13

substance formed when 2 or more atoms of different elements chemically combine

Answer 13

compound

Question 14

H2, H2O, C6H12O6 depict the elements present and the number of each atom present in the molecule. this is called?

Answer 14

molecular formulas

Question 15

an atom that gains or loses electrons to become stable is called?

Answer 15

ion

Question 16

a positively charged ion formed when an atom loses electrons is called?

Answer 16

cation

Question 17

a negatively charged ion formed when an atom gains electrons is called?

Answer 17

anion

Question 18

bond formed when electrons are TRANSFERRED from 1 atom to another atom is called?

Answer 18

ionic bond

Question 19

bond formed when atoms share electrons is called?

Answer 19

covalent bond c,h,o,n

Question 20

the formula that shows how atoms bond and are arranged in various molecules.

Answer 20

structural

Question 21

• a molecule with a slightly negative end and a slightly positive end
• results when electrons aren’t shared equally in covalent bonds

what kind of molecule is this?

Answer 21

polar molecule

water is an important polar molecule

Question 22

bond formed when attraction is weak between positive end of 1 polar molecule and negative end of another poler molecule.

bond formed between water molecules

important for protein and nucleic acid structure

Answer 22

hydrogen bond

Question 23

reaction that occurs when chemical bonds form or break among atoms, ion, or molecules is called?

Answer 23

chemical

Question 24

the starting materials of the reaction is called?

Answer 24

reactants

Question 25

substances formed at the end of the chemical reaction are called?

Answer 25

products. ex NaCl -> Na (+) Cl-

Question 26

A+B -> AB is what type of chemical reaction:

decomposition, exchange, synthesis, reversible

Answer 26

synthesis

more complex chemical structure is formed

Question 27

AB -> A+B is what type of chemical reaction:

decomposition, exchange, synthesis, reversible

Answer 27

decomposition

chem bonds are broken to form simpler chemical structure

Question 28

AB+CD -> AD+CB is what type of chemical reaction:

decomposition, exchange, synthesis, reversible

Answer 28

exchange

chem bonds are broken, new bonds formed

Question 29

A+B AB is what type of chemical reaction:

decomposition, exchange, synthesis, reversible

Answer 29

reversible

products can change back to reactants