Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

language of anatomy > cellular level organization set 4 > Flashcards

cellular level organization set 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Most of the surface area of the cell membrane consists of

A

lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Because of its chemical-structural composition, the cell membrane is called a

A

phospholipid bilayer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The primary components of the cytoskeleton, which gives the cell strength and rigidity and anchors the position of major organelles, are

A

microtubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Most of the energy a cell needs to live is generated by the

A

mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The major factor that allows the nucleus to control cellular operations is its

A

regulation of protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ribosomal proteins and RNA are produced primarily in the

A

nucleolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Along the length of the DNA strand, information is stored in the sequence of

A

nitrogen bases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A sequence of three nitrogen bases can specify the identity of

A

a single amino acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The process in which RNA polymerase uses the genetic information to assemble a strand of mRNA is

A

transcription

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

If the DNA triplet is TAG, the corresponding codon on the mRNA strand will be

A

AUC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Passive or leakage channels within the cell membrane permit

A

water and ion movement at all times

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Ions and other small water-soluble materials cross the cell membrane only by passing through

A

a receptor protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

All transport through the cell membrane can be classified as either

A

active or passive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The major difference between diffusion and bulk flow is that when molecules move by bulk flow they move

A

as a unit in one direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The rate that solute molecules are filtered depends on

A

their size, the force of hydrostatic pressure, rate of water passing through membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The transmembrane potential is important in maintaining cell integrity because

A

it increases cell environment sensitivity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The factor(s) that interact(s) to create and maintain the transmembrane potential is (are) the

A

membrane permeability for sodium and potassium, presence of Na-K exchange pump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The correct sequence of the cell cycle beginning with interphase is

A

G0, G1, S, G2, Gm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

As the cell life cycle proceeds, cyclin levels climb, causing the maturation promoting factor (MPG) to appear in the cytoplasm, initiating the process of

A

mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The spreading process of a primary tumor is called _____, and the dispersion of malignant cells to establish a secondary tumor is called _____.

A

invasion; metastasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The process of differentiation resulting in the appearance of characteristic cell specializations involves

A

gene repression (switching off)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Homeostasis at the tissue, organ, system, and individual levels reflects

A

the combined and coordinated actions of many cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Structurally, the cell membrane is best described as a

A

phospholipid bilayer interspersed with proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Isolating the cytoplasm from the surrounding fluid environment by the cell membrane is important because

A

cytoplasm’s composition differs from extracellular fluid and differences must be maintained

25
Q

Regulation of exchange with the environment is an important function of the cell membrane because it controls

A

the entry of ions and nutrients, and waste elimination

26
Q

Which type of vesicular transport uses pseudopodia to surround a solid object

A

phagocytosis

27
Q

Membranous organelles differ from nonmembranous organelles in that membranous organelles are ________.

A

surrounded by lipid membranes that isolate them from the cytosol

28
Q

The major functional difference between flagella and cilia is that flagella

A

move a cell through the surrounding fluid

29
Q

The smooth ER (SER) has a variety of functions that center around the synthesis of

A

lipids and carbohydrates

30
Q

The reason lysosomes are sometimes called “cellular suicide packets” is

A

the breakdown of lysosomal membranes can destroy a cell

31
Q

The energy-producing process in the mitochondria involves a series of reactions in which __________ is consumed and __________ is generated

A

oxygen; carbon dioxide

32
Q

The most notable characteristic of the G0 phase of an interphase cell is that

A

it is not preparing for mitosis

33
Q

The replication of DNA occurs primarily during the

A

S phase

34
Q

The process of cytokinesis refers to

A

the physical separation of the daughter cells

35
Q

The passive factor which helps to maintain the transmembrane potential is

A

K+ diffuse out of the cell faster than Na+ can enter and the interior of the cell develops an excess of negative charges

36
Q

The reason that dead skin cells are usually shed in thick sheets rather than individually is because of

A

the strength of the links of the desmosomes

37
Q

The reason that water-soluble ions and molecules cannot enter certain regions of the cell membrane is because of

A

the presence of hydrophobic tails on the interior of the membrane

38
Q

The effect of diffusion in body fluids is that it

A

tends to eliminate local concentration gradients

39
Q

During osmosis water will always flow across a membrane toward the solution that has the

A

highest concentration of solutes

40
Q

A solution that is hypotonic to cytoplasm has

A

a solute concentration lower than that of the cytoplasm

41
Q

Red blood cells are hemolyzed when the cells are placed in contact with

A

a hypotonic solution

42
Q

An injection of a concentrated salt solution into the circulatory system would result in

A

crenation of the red blood cells

43
Q

Facilitated diffusion differs from ordinary diffusion in that

A

carrier proteins are involved

44
Q

One of the great advantages of moving materials by active transport is

A

the process is not dependent on a concentration gradient

45
Q

In the human body, the process of phagocytosis is illustrated by

A

a white blood cell engulfing a bacterium

46
Q

Epsom salts exert a laxative effect due to the process of

A

osmosis

47
Q

The formation of a malignant tumor indicates that

A

mitotic rates of cells are no longer responding to normal control mechanisms

48
Q

Which organelle absorbs and breaks down fatty acids and other organic compounds?

A

peroxisome

49
Q

Protein channels within the cell membrane

A

permit water and ion movement at all times

50
Q

A sequence of three nucleotide bases in the mRNA is called a(n) ________.

A

codon

51
Q

What is the functional unit of heredity?

A

gene

52
Q

Which of the following is an important characteristic of the transmembrane potential?

A

The ions held on either side of the cell membrane have potential energy.

53
Q

In which phase does a cell make enough organelles for two functional cells?

A

G1

54
Q

In which phase does centriole replication complete?

A

G2

55
Q

The cell membrane isolates the cytoplasm from the surrounding fluid environment. Why is this important?

A

Cytoplasm has a composition different from that of the extracellular fluid, and the differences must be maintained.

56
Q

Cilia function to ________.

A

move fluids or secretions across the cell surface

57
Q

Which of the following influences diffusion rates?

A

distance, temperature, and molecular size

58
Q

Water-soluble ions and molecules CANNOT enter certain regions of the cell membrane because of ________.

A

the presence of hydrophobic tails on the interior of the membrane

59
Q

The difference between an area of high concentration and an area of low concentration is known as ________.

A

a concentration gradient

language of anatomy (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions