Chemistry 4.1.1. Flashcards
Curly arrow
represents the movement of an electron pair, showing either heterolytic fission or the formation of a covalent bond.
Displayed formula
the relative positioning of atoms and the bonds between them.
Empirical formula
the simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound.
Functional group
a group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a compound. E.g.-OH.
General formula
the simplest algebraic formula of a member of a homologous series. E.g. alkane- CnH2n+2.
Heterolytic fission
the breaking of a covalent bond, forming a cation and an anion, by one atom receiving both electrons from the bonded pair. E.g. H3C-Cl —> H3C+ + Cl-.
Homologous series
a series of compounds with the same functional group, similar chemical properties and with each successive member differing by -CH2.
Homolytic fission
the breaking of a covalent bond with one of the bonded electrons going to each atom, forming two radicals. E.g. CL2 –> 2Cl●
Hydrocarbon
compound/molecule containing hydrogen and carbon only.
Initiation
the creation of 2 radicals.
Molecular formula
the number of atoms of each element in a molecule.
Propagation
the reaction between radicals and molecules.
Reforming
converting straight chain hydrocarbons into rings/ cyclic compounds.
Saturated
single carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds only.
Skeletal formula
the simplified organic formula shown by removing hydrogen atoms from alkyl chains, leaving just ca carbon skeleton and associated functional groups.
