Chemistry 4-5

Question 1

Atomic

Answer 1

Number- # of protons in nucleus(charge) & total number of electrons in atom
Mass- mass/# of protons & neutrons (average of isotopes)
Isotopes- atoms of same element w different # of neutrons

Question 2

Atom

Answer 2

Proton- positively charge particles in nucleus
Neutron- particles with no charge in nucleus
Electron- negatively charged particles moving around nucleus (2000x less mass than proton)
Nucleus- center of atoms mass holding protons & neutrons

Question 3

Elemental Classifications

Answer 3

Metals- give up electrons, solids(except mercury), shiny, maleable/flattening, ductile, & conductors (left)
Non-Metals- receive electrons, solid or gas(except bromine), dull, poor conductors, brittle
Metalloids / Semi-Metals- receive or give electrons, solid, shiny or dull, good electricity conductors, poor heat conductors, brittle

Question 4

Chemical Families

Answer 4

Alkali Metals (collum 1):
-Unpaired single electron in unfilled outer energy level, will give up electron, resulting in ion w +1 charge
-Unstable, highly reactive, & stored specially (larger/more hoops = more reactive)
Alkaline Earth Metals (collum 2):
-2 electrons in unfilled outer energy level, will give up 2 electrons, resulting in ion w 2+ charge
-Slightly less unstable than alkali metals, larger/more hoops = more reactive
Halogens (collum 17):
-1 electron left unpaired on unfilled outer energy level, wil gain 1 electron, resulting in ion with 1- charge
-Very unstable
Noble Gasses (collum 18)
-All energy levels full
-Very stable (rarely react or form ions)

Question 5

Periods & Groups

Answer 5

Periods- number of electron levels (hoops, horizontal rows)
Electron/Energy Level- number of orbits/levels of electrons (hoop #)
Groups- related elements w similar properties (electrons on last hoop, vertical collum)
Valence Electron- outer level/hoop of electrons (collum #)

Question 6

Reactivity

Answer 6

Reactive- will combine with another substance to make a new compound
Unreactive- will not react/change when met with another substance