Biodiversity 3-5

Question 1

Plant Reproductive System

Answer 1

Embryo- zygote, following fertilization, in process of developing
Fetus- later stage of development for offspring
Sepal- protect developing flower buds
Petal- attract pollinators
1. Pistil- female reproductive part
Stigma (F)- sticky part of pistil that capture pollen for fertilization
Style (F)- connects stigma to ovary
Ovary (F)- contains/protects ovules which develop into seeds
2. Stamen- male reproductive part
Pollen (M)- contains male gametes
Anther (M)- produces & releases pollen
Filament (M)- stalk supporting anther Receptacle- thickened part of stems that flower organs grow from (supports flower & connects plant)

Question 2

Asexual Reproduction

Answer 2

-Parent makes copy of themselves
-Offspring is identical
-Offspring made in short amount of time, no partner needed, if parent was successful so will offspring, but organisms lack diversity/variation

Question 3

Spores

Answer 3

-Single cell formed by parent to reproduce
-Spread by wind, water, animals
-Can survive harsh conditions
-Mold, fungi, bacteria, primitive plants

Question 3

Binary Fission

Answer 3

-Cell duplicates genetic info(DNA) then splits into 2 identical daughter cells
-Bacteria

Question 3

Budding

Answer 3

-Genetic information doubled but contents are not
-Small daughter cells break off & grows from parent
-Yeast, mold, primitive organisms
Fragmentation- parent broken itself & can regenerate a complete organism (starfish)

Question 3

Vegetation Reproduction

Answer 3

-New plant grows from part of plant
Runners- stem growing above ground connecting 1 plant to another to a bud that grows roots from it
Shoots- below ground ???

Question 3

Sexual Reproduction

Answer 3

-Result of 2 parent organisms donating gametes containing half their DNA to form an offspring
-Increases variation, but requires partner & energy to making gametes

Question 4

Bacterial Conjugation (SR)

Answer 4

-Doesn’t actually result on offspring
-Increases diversity by exchanging DNA

Question 5

Zygospores

Answer 5

-Hyphae from different colonies meet & donate DNA to make genetically different offspring
-Mold & fungi

Question 6

Plant Sexual Reproduction

Answer 6

Angiosperms- flowering
Gymnosperms- cone bearing

Question 7

Animal Fertilization

Answer 7

External- both sets of gametes released from parents into external environment, external devlopment (forms eggs)
Internal- occurs inside female body, fewer gamete’s needed, increased fertilization rate, high protection, internal & external development

Question 8

Fercundility

Answer 8

-The probability of becoming pregnant

Question 9

Sexual Reproduction Stages

Answer 9

1. Gametes (sex cells)- sperm + egg / 50% n + 50% n
2. Fertilization- process of egg & sperm combining
3. Zygote- DNA is 100% 2n
4. Mitosis- cells divide/make copies
5. Blastocyst- balls of cells each with 100% or 2n
6. Mitosis & Differentiation- cells speciate based on formation
7. Energy Baby- each cell has 100% 2n
   2n = Diploid (2 complete sets of chromosomes)

Question 10

Genes

Answer 10

Allele- different versions of the same gene (blue vs brown eyes)
Gene- segment of DNA that’s code for a specific trait
Genotype- genetic characteristics (heterozygous)
Phenotype- physical characteristics (eye color)

Question 11

Zygote

Answer 11

-Fertilized egg cell resulting from egg(group of female gametes) & sperm (male gamete)

Question 12

Traits

Answer 12

Complete Dominance- dominant fully masks the recessive allele
Incomplete Dominance- both alleles are partially expressed (creates new phenotype, pink flower)
Codominance- 2 alleles of the same gene expressed separately in different traits (red & white flower)

Question 13

Mitosis

Answer 13

-Replication used by all body or somatic cells
-Cells divide into 2 daughter cells
1. DNA doubles
2. DNA coils into chromosomes
3. Chromosomes line up at center
4. Spindle fibers form + attach to center
5. Chromosomes are pulled apart & moved to opposite poles
6. Cells divide

Question 14

Meiosis

Answer 14

-Makes gametes in reproductive organs
-Cells divide twice into 4 daughter cells
1. DNA duplicates
2. DNA coils into chromosomes
3. Chromosomes assembles into pairs
4. Chromosome pairs separate
5.1st cell division to separate pairs
6. Spindle fibers attach & chromosomes line up at center
7. 2nd cell division separates remaining

Question 15

Variation

Answer 15

Continuous- variety of different possibilities for same trait (not specific, height, weight, hair color)
Discrete- trait you either have or you don’t

Question 16

Punnett Squares

Answer 16

-A tool to see the result of genetic crossing
Homozygous Dominant = BB
Heterozygous = Bb
Homozygous Recessive = bb
Alleles passed to offspring = letters (B/b)