Chemistry

Question 1

New chemical bonds form between atoms or existing bonds between atoms are broken

Answer 1

Chemical reaction

Question 2

Breaks a molecule into smaller fragments

Answer 2

Decomposition reaction

Question 3

Opposite of decomposition, assembles larger molecules from smaller ones

Answer 3

Synthesis reaction

Question 4

A part of the reacting molecules are shuffled around

Answer 4

Exchange reAction

Question 5

Catalyst that speeds up a reaction

Answer 5

Enzymes

Question 6

Small molecules that do not contain carbon and hydrogen

Answer 6

Inorganic compounds

Question 7

Molecules primarily composed of carbon and hydrogen

Answer 7

Organic compounds

Question 8

Chemical bonds created by electrical attractions between anions and cations

Answer 8

Ionic bonds

Question 9

Uniform mixture of solvent and dissolved solutes

Answer 9

Solutions

Question 10

Compounds that stabilize pH by either removing or replacing hydrogen ions

Answer 10

Buffers

Question 11

Normal pH for humans with little margin one way or the other for survivability

Answer 11

7.35-7.45

Question 12

Smallest, stable unit of matter

Answer 12

Atom

Question 13

Total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

Answer 13

Mass number

Question 14

How can unfilled outer electron shells achieve stability?

Answer 14

By sharing, gaining, or losing electrons through chemical reactions with other atoms

Question 15

Chemical structures that contain more than one atom bonded together by shared electrons

Answer 15

Molecules

Question 16

Any chemical substance made up of atoms of two or more elements

Answer 16

Compound

Question 17

Ions with a positive charge are called _____ and ions with a negative charge are called _____

Answer 17

Cations, anions

Question 18

The sharing of one pair of electrons creates a ______ bond

Answer 18

Single covalent

Question 19

In most covalent bonds the atoms remain electrically neutral because the electrons are shared equally. Such bonds are called ______

Answer 19

Non polar covalent bonds

Question 20

An unequal sharing between atoms of different elements creates a ______ bond

Answer 20

Polar covalent

Question 21

The attraction between water molecules at a free surface slows the rate of evaporation and creates the phenomenon known as ______

Answer 21

Surface tension

Question 22

Lines the alveoli and smallest bronchioles, Reduces surface tension throughout the lung….this complex chemical substance contains phospholipids and a number of Glycoproteins and is produced by the type II alveolar cells

Answer 22

Surfactant

Question 23

Another word for condensation, this is the formation of a complex molecule by the removal of water

Answer 23

Dehydration synthesis

Question 24

Synthesis of new compounds in the body

Answer 24

Anabolism

Question 25

Enzymes belong to a class of substances called _____, which are compounds that accelerate chemical reactions without themselves bring permanently changed

Answer 25

Catalysts

Question 26

Reactions that release energy

Answer 26

Exergonic

Question 27

If more energy is required to begin a reaction than is released as it proceeds, it will absorb energy as a whole. This is a ______ reaction

Answer 27

Endergonic

Question 28

The essential elements and molecules that are obtained from the diet

Answer 28

Nutrients

Question 29

Any substance that breaks apart in solution to release hydrogen ions. A strong form of this dissociates in Solution completely

Answer 29

Acid

Question 30

Substance that removes hydrogen ions from a solution. Dissociates completely in solution

Answer 30

Base

Question 31

Ionic compound that consists of any cation except a hydrogen ion and any anion except a hydroxide ion

Answer 31

Salt

Question 32

The most important source of energy, an organic molecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio near 1:2:1

Answer 32

Carbohydrate

Question 33

Most important metabolic fuel in the body

Answer 33

Glucose

Question 34

A simple sugar, or ______, is a carbohydrate that contains from three to seven carbon atoms

Answer 34

Monosaccharide

Question 35

These larger carbohydrate molecules result when repeated dehydration synthesis reactions add additional monosaccharides or disaccharides

Answer 35

Polysaccharide

Question 36

Also known as animal starch, polysaccharide that is composed of interconnected glucose molecules

Answer 36

Glycogen

Question 37

Long chains of carbon atoms with attached hydrogen atoms that end in a carboxylic acid group

Answer 37

Fatty acids

Question 38

Proteins are long chains of organic molecules called _____

Answer 38

Amino acids

Question 39

Measurement of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a given solution

Answer 39

pH

Question 40

The four nitrogen based molecules found in DNA

Answer 40

Adenine. Guanine, thymine, and cytosine