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Anatomy And Physiology > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

New chemical bonds form between atoms or existing bonds between atoms are broken

A

Chemical reaction

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2
Q

Breaks a molecule into smaller fragments

A

Decomposition reaction

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3
Q

Opposite of decomposition, assembles larger molecules from smaller ones

A

Synthesis reaction

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4
Q

A part of the reacting molecules are shuffled around

A

Exchange reAction

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5
Q

Catalyst that speeds up a reaction

A

Enzymes

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6
Q

Small molecules that do not contain carbon and hydrogen

A

Inorganic compounds

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7
Q

Molecules primarily composed of carbon and hydrogen

A

Organic compounds

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8
Q

Chemical bonds created by electrical attractions between anions and cations

A

Ionic bonds

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9
Q

Uniform mixture of solvent and dissolved solutes

A

Solutions

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10
Q

Compounds that stabilize pH by either removing or replacing hydrogen ions

A

Buffers

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11
Q

Normal pH for humans with little margin one way or the other for survivability

A

7.35-7.45

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12
Q

Smallest, stable unit of matter

A

Atom

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13
Q

Total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

A

Mass number

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14
Q

How can unfilled outer electron shells achieve stability?

A

By sharing, gaining, or losing electrons through chemical reactions with other atoms

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15
Q

Chemical structures that contain more than one atom bonded together by shared electrons

A

Molecules

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16
Q

Any chemical substance made up of atoms of two or more elements

A

Compound

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17
Q

Ions with a positive charge are called _____ and ions with a negative charge are called _____

A

Cations, anions

18
Q

The sharing of one pair of electrons creates a ______ bond

A

Single covalent

19
Q

In most covalent bonds the atoms remain electrically neutral because the electrons are shared equally. Such bonds are called ______

A

Non polar covalent bonds

20
Q

An unequal sharing between atoms of different elements creates a ______ bond

A

Polar covalent

21
Q

The attraction between water molecules at a free surface slows the rate of evaporation and creates the phenomenon known as ______

A

Surface tension

22
Q

Lines the alveoli and smallest bronchioles, Reduces surface tension throughout the lung….this complex chemical substance contains phospholipids and a number of Glycoproteins and is produced by the type II alveolar cells

A

Surfactant

23
Q

Another word for condensation, this is the formation of a complex molecule by the removal of water

A

Dehydration synthesis

24
Q

Synthesis of new compounds in the body

A

Anabolism

25
Q

Enzymes belong to a class of substances called _____, which are compounds that accelerate chemical reactions without themselves bring permanently changed

A

Catalysts

26
Q

Reactions that release energy

A

Exergonic

27
Q

If more energy is required to begin a reaction than is released as it proceeds, it will absorb energy as a whole. This is a ______ reaction

A

Endergonic

28
Q

The essential elements and molecules that are obtained from the diet

A

Nutrients

29
Q

Any substance that breaks apart in solution to release hydrogen ions. A strong form of this dissociates in Solution completely

A

Acid

30
Q

Substance that removes hydrogen ions from a solution. Dissociates completely in solution

A

Base

31
Q

Ionic compound that consists of any cation except a hydrogen ion and any anion except a hydroxide ion

A

Salt

32
Q

The most important source of energy, an organic molecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio near 1:2:1

A

Carbohydrate

33
Q

Most important metabolic fuel in the body

A

Glucose

34
Q

A simple sugar, or ______, is a carbohydrate that contains from three to seven carbon atoms

A

Monosaccharide

35
Q

These larger carbohydrate molecules result when repeated dehydration synthesis reactions add additional monosaccharides or disaccharides

A

Polysaccharide

36
Q

Also known as animal starch, polysaccharide that is composed of interconnected glucose molecules

A

Glycogen

37
Q

Long chains of carbon atoms with attached hydrogen atoms that end in a carboxylic acid group

A

Fatty acids

38
Q

Proteins are long chains of organic molecules called _____

A

Amino acids

39
Q

Measurement of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a given solution

A

pH

40
Q

The four nitrogen based molecules found in DNA

A

Adenine. Guanine, thymine, and cytosine

Anatomy And Physiology (6 decks)

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