Cell Structure And Function Flashcards
When a cell is selective and only allows certain substances to cross it, the membrane is said to be _____
Selectively permeable
When a cell shrinks due to a loss of water and a change in osmotic pressure, this is referred to as _____
Crenation
The movement of water across a cell membrane occurs by _____
Osmosis
When a red blood cell is placed in contact with a hypotonic solution, the cell will swell and potentially burst. This is referred to as _____
Hemolysis
The process in which particular matter is engulfed and brought into the cell
Phagocytosis
Correct order and names of steps during mitosis
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
The nucleus has how many pairs of chromosomes?
23
What is the function of ribosomes?
Synthesize proteins
Study of the structure and function of cells
Cytology
The net movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Diffusion
A solution that does not cause a net movement of water into or out of the cell
Isotonic
A cell membranes property that determines precisely which substances can enter or leave the cytoplasm
Permeability
In the passive process called _____, hydrostatic pressure forces water across a membrane
Filtration
A type of carrier mediated transport that requires the presence of carrier proteins in the membrane
Facilitated diffusion
In ___ transport, the high energy bond in ATP provides the energy needed to move ions or molecules across the membrane
Active
Carrier proteins that actively transport the cations sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium across cell membranes
Ion pumps
If one kind of ion moves in one direction and the other moves in the opposite direction (countertransport), the carrier protein is called an _____
Exchange pump
In ____ transport, materials move into or out of the cell in vesicles, which are small membranous sacs that form at, or fuse with, the cell membrane.
Vesicular
The packaging of extracellular materials in a vesicle at the cell surface for import into the cell
Endocytosis
The formation of small vesicles at the membrane surface to import selected substances into the cell
Receptor mediated Endocytosis
___, or “cell drinking,” is the formation of small vesicles filled with extracellular fluid.
Pinocytosis
The functional reverse of Endocytosis. A vesicle created inside the cell fuses with the cell membrane and discharges its contents into the extracellular environment
Exocytosis
Internal structures that perform specific functions essential to normal cell structure, maintenance, and metabolism
Organelles
Internal protein framework of various thread-like filaments and hollow tubules that gives the cytoplasm strength and flexibility
Cytoskeleton
The thinnest strands of the cytoskeleton are ___, which are usually composed of he protein actin. Attaches the cell membrane to the underlying cytoplasm by forming connections with proteins of the cell membrane
Microfilaments
Gives the cell strength and rigidity, and anchors the positions of major organelles. Forms the spindle apparatus
Microtubules
Small, finger-shaped projections of the cell membrane on the exposed surface of many cells that are actively engaged in absorbing materials from the extracellular fluid
Microvilli
Cylindrical structure composed of short Microtubules, this produces the spindle fibers that move DNA strands during cell division
Centriole
Organelles that manufacture proteins using information provided by the DNA of the nucleus
Ribosomes
Provides isolation, protection, sensitivity, and support; controls entrance/exit of materials. ( lipid bilayer, contains phospholipids, steroids, and proteins)
Cell membrane
Fluid component of cytoplasm. Distributes materials by diffusion
Cytosol
