Cell Structure And Function

Question 1

When a cell is selective and only allows certain substances to cross it, the membrane is said to be _____

Answer 1

Selectively permeable

Question 2

When a cell shrinks due to a loss of water and a change in osmotic pressure, this is referred to as _____

Answer 2

Crenation

Question 3

The movement of water across a cell membrane occurs by _____

Answer 3

Osmosis

Question 4

When a red blood cell is placed in contact with a hypotonic solution, the cell will swell and potentially burst. This is referred to as _____

Answer 4

Hemolysis

Question 5

The process in which particular matter is engulfed and brought into the cell

Answer 5

Phagocytosis

Question 6

Correct order and names of steps during mitosis

Answer 6

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 7

The nucleus has how many pairs of chromosomes?

Answer 7

23

Question 8

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 8

Synthesize proteins

Question 9

Study of the structure and function of cells

Answer 9

Cytology

Question 10

The net movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Answer 10

Diffusion

Question 11

A solution that does not cause a net movement of water into or out of the cell

Answer 11

Isotonic

Question 12

A cell membranes property that determines precisely which substances can enter or leave the cytoplasm

Answer 12

Permeability

Question 13

In the passive process called _____, hydrostatic pressure forces water across a membrane

Answer 13

Filtration

Question 14

A type of carrier mediated transport that requires the presence of carrier proteins in the membrane

Answer 14

Facilitated diffusion

Question 15

In ___ transport, the high energy bond in ATP provides the energy needed to move ions or molecules across the membrane

Answer 15

Active

Question 16

Carrier proteins that actively transport the cations sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium across cell membranes

Answer 16

Ion pumps

Question 17

If one kind of ion moves in one direction and the other moves in the opposite direction (countertransport), the carrier protein is called an _____

Answer 17

Exchange pump

Question 18

In ____ transport, materials move into or out of the cell in vesicles, which are small membranous sacs that form at, or fuse with, the cell membrane.

Answer 18

Vesicular

Question 19

The packaging of extracellular materials in a vesicle at the cell surface for import into the cell

Answer 19

Endocytosis

Question 20

The formation of small vesicles at the membrane surface to import selected substances into the cell

Answer 20

Receptor mediated Endocytosis

Question 21

___, or “cell drinking,” is the formation of small vesicles filled with extracellular fluid.

Answer 21

Pinocytosis

Question 22

The functional reverse of Endocytosis. A vesicle created inside the cell fuses with the cell membrane and discharges its contents into the extracellular environment

Answer 22

Exocytosis

Question 23

Internal structures that perform specific functions essential to normal cell structure, maintenance, and metabolism

Answer 23

Organelles

Question 24

Internal protein framework of various thread-like filaments and hollow tubules that gives the cytoplasm strength and flexibility

Answer 24

Cytoskeleton

Question 25

The thinnest strands of the cytoskeleton are ___, which are usually composed of he protein actin. Attaches the cell membrane to the underlying cytoplasm by forming connections with proteins of the cell membrane

Answer 25

Microfilaments

Question 26

Gives the cell strength and rigidity, and anchors the positions of major organelles. Forms the spindle apparatus

Answer 26

Microtubules

Question 27

Small, finger-shaped projections of the cell membrane on the exposed surface of many cells that are actively engaged in absorbing materials from the extracellular fluid

Answer 27

Microvilli

Question 28

Cylindrical structure composed of short Microtubules, this produces the spindle fibers that move DNA strands during cell division

Answer 28

Centriole

Question 29

Organelles that manufacture proteins using information provided by the DNA of the nucleus

Answer 29

Ribosomes

Question 30

Provides isolation, protection, sensitivity, and support; controls entrance/exit of materials. ( lipid bilayer, contains phospholipids, steroids, and proteins)

Answer 30

Cell membrane

Question 31

Fluid component of cytoplasm. Distributes materials by diffusion

Answer 31

Cytosol