Chemistry Flashcards
Ammonia
NH3
Methane
CH4
Ozone
O3
Hydrogen Peroxide
H2O2
Prefixes
Mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa
Metal + water
Base + H2
Metal + acid
Ionic compound + H2
Neutralization reaction
Acid + base = salt + water
Combustion reaction
CxHy + O2 = CO2 + H2O
Exothermic
Reactants = products + heat
Endothermic
Reactants + heat = products
Water
H2O
Compound: def
a pure substance composed of 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio
What do the numbers on ionic compound formula tell you?
How many atoms of each element are needed to make the compound neutral
Molecule
a particle in which atoms are joined by covalent bonds
Covalent bond: how?
- when 2 non-metals bond with each other, both nuclei form strong attractions for the other’s electrons
- neither atom attracts electrons strongly enough to pull it away
- result: sharing
___________ arrow _______
Left = reactants Right = products
What is the law of conservation of mass?
In any given chemical reaction, the total mass of the reactants equals the total mass of the products
Why must we balance chemical equations?
- during chemical reaction, atoms in reactant molecules rearrange to form products
- therefore all atoms that existed in reactants are still present in products because atoms can’t be created or destroyed
- to be accurate, we must show that there are equal # of each atom before and after chemical reaction has taken place
Oxyacids
- Hydro _________(polyatomic acids)
What does pH scale indicate? What does neutral mean?
- concentration of hydroxide or hydrogen ions
- neutral means that the concentrations are equal and balance each other out
bonds?
outer shells collide to have a more stable electron arrangement.
Why don’t you reduce in molecular?
- ionic: ratio of elements in compound
- molecular: actual # of each atom in molecule (change it and it will be different molecule)
How to neutralize an acid?
add indicator and add base until indicator changes colour
Metals characteristics
- solid
- shiny
- conductor
- malleable
Non-metals characteristics
- solid/liquid/gas
- dull
- not conductor
- brittle, not ductile
Reactivity trends?
- Metals: as you go down and left, electron is further from nucleus which means less energy to lose electron
- Nonmetals: stronger P charge, more attractive
Period #
of orbits
Group #
of valence electrons
Ionic bond
Attraction between metal cation and non-metal anion
Acids properties
- corrosive
- soluble in water
- sour
- turn litmus paper red
- good conductors when dissolves
Bases properties
- corrosive
- soluble in water
- bitter
- slippery
- turn litmus paper blue
- good conductors when dissolved in water
