Chemistry

Question 1

empirical formula

Answer 1

most reduced chemical formula

Question 2

atomic number

Answer 2

number of protons in nucleus

Question 3

mass number

Answer 3

number of protons + neutrons

Question 4

isotopes

Answer 4

two atoms of the same element that differ in their number of neutons

Question 5

alpha particle

Answer 5

2 neutrons and 2 protons, alpha decay subtracts 4 from the mass number and 2 from the atomic number

Question 6

beta decay

Answer 6

adds 1 to the atomic number

Question 7

positron emission

Answer 7

subtracts 1 from atomic number

Question 8

emission spectrum

Answer 8

wavelengths of light emitted when electricity is run through a gas

Question 9

diamagnetic

Answer 9

an atom that has all of its electrons spin-paired, it would have no magnetic field and be repelled by an externally produced magnetic field

Question 10

exception to electron pairing rule

Answer 10

d orbitals want to be half filled or totally filled, can take an electron from s orbital

also all s electrons are lost before d electrons

Question 11

atom in an excited state

Answer 11

has the same number of electrons but one is in a higher energy level

Question 12

periodic trend: atomic radius

Answer 12

bottom left is largest

Question 13

periodic trend: ionization energy

Answer 13

top right is largest

Question 14

periodic trend: electron affinity

Answer 14

top right has highest affinity

Question 15

periodic trend: electronegativity

Answer 15

top right is most electronegative

Question 16

periodic trend acidity

Answer 16

bottom right is most acidic (based on the stability of the anion)

Question 17

homolytic vs. heterolytic bond cleavage

Answer 17

homolytic - electrons are shared during split

heterolytic (dissociation) - electrons are taken by one atom

Question 18

coordinate covalent bond

Answer 18

when an atom donates both its lone pair electrons to form a bond

Question 19

Zeroth law of thermodynamics

Answer 19

like the associative property, if two systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third system, they are all in thermal equilibrium with each other

Question 20

first law of thermodynamics

Answer 20

the total energy of the universe is constant, energy can not be created or destroyed

Question 21

flow of energy statements

Answer 21

when energy flows into a system the energy of the surroundings decrease and when energy flows out of a system the energy of the surroundings increase

Question 22

bonds and energy formation

Answer 22

energy is required to break bonds, energy is released when bonds are formed

Question 23

isoelectric species

Answer 23

have the same electron configuration