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Chemistry > Chemistry 3.4 > Flashcards

Chemistry 3.4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Chemical formula of Hydroxide

A

OH -

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2
Q

Chemical formula of Nitrate

A

NO3 -

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3
Q

Chemical formula of Carbonate

A

CO3 2-

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4
Q

Chemical formula of Sulphate

A

SO4 2-

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5
Q

Chemical formula of Ammonium

A

NH4 +

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6
Q

What does -ate mean?

A

Tells you that oxygen is present.

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7
Q

What do acids form when added to water?

A

They form positively charged Hydrogen ions (H +)

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8
Q

What do alkalis form when added to water?

A

They form negative hydroxide ions (OH –)

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9
Q

metal + acid –>

A

salt + hydrogen

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10
Q

metal oxide + acid –>

A

salt + water

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11
Q

metal hydroxide + acid –>

A

salt + water

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12
Q

carbonate + acid –>

A

salt + water + carbon dioxide

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13
Q

Ammonia + acid –>

A

Ammonium salt

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14
Q

Formula of Sulphuric acid

A

H2 SO4

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15
Q

Formula of Nitric acid

A

HNO3

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16
Q

Formula of hydrochloric acid

A

HCl

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17
Q

Formula of phosphoric acid

A

H3 PO4

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18
Q

When do diatomic atoms apply?

A

When the element is on its own in a symbol equation

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19
Q

Are Nitrates soluble?

A

Yes

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20
Q

Are halides soluble?

A

Most EXCEPT lead (II) and sliver halides

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21
Q

What are halides?

A

Elements in Group 7.

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22
Q

Are sulfates soluble?

A

Most EXCEPT lead (II), barium and calcium sulfates.

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23
Q

What is the charge on lead (Pb)?

A

2+

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24
Q

Which group’s salts are always soluble?

A

Group 1.

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25
Q

Are Carbonates soluble?

A

No, however GROUP 1 CARBONATES ARE SOLUBLE.

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26
Q

Are Hydroxides soluble?

A

No, however GROUP 1 HYDROXIDES ARE SOLUBLE.

27
Q

Are Ammonium salts soluble?

A

Yes, except ammonium oxides.

28
Q

What is an alkali?

A

Releases Hydroxide (OH-) ions.

29
Q

What are metal oxides?

A

Bases.

30
Q

What are non-metal oxides?

A

Acids.

31
Q

What is an observation of magnesium oxide/combustion of magnesium?

A

Bright white light or white solid formed.

32
Q

Why is the acid heated up in a reaction?

A

To speed up the reaction.

33
Q

What is an observation of sulphur dioxide?

A

Blue flame.

34
Q

Charge on Zinc Iron

A

2+

35
Q

Charge on Silver ion

A

+

36
Q

Charge on Copper

A

2+

37
Q

Charge on Lead

A

2+

38
Q

Describe how to find out if an unknown element is a metal or non-metal.

A

Combust with oxygen.
Dissolve the oxide in water.
Determine the pH of the solution with an indicator.
Metal = Alkali solution
Non metal dioxides = Acid solution

39
Q

Methyl Orange Indicator colour change

A

Red in acid
Orange in neutral.
Yellow in alkalis

40
Q

Steps to prepare lead (II) sulphate

A

Mix 2 soluble salts together while stirring
Filter to remove precipitate from mixture
Wash filtrate with distilled water to remove traces of other solutions
Leave in an oven to dry

41
Q

Abundance of Nitrogen in air.

A

78%

42
Q

Abundance of Oxygen in air.

A

21%

43
Q

Abundance of Argon in air.

A

0.9%

44
Q

Abundance of Carbon Dioxide in air.

A

0.04%

45
Q

What is an acid?

A

A H+ donor.

46
Q

What is a base?

A

A H+ acceptor

47
Q

What is an alkali?

A

An OH- donor.

48
Q

What should you be careful with when using polyatomic ions in chemical formulae?

A

You have to use brackets.

49
Q

Observations of a carbonate + acid reaction.

A

Carbonate disappears- Is used up in reaction.
Fizzing- Gas (carbon dioxide) is produced.

50
Q

Steps for Insoluble Base method.

A

1- Heat acid (speeds up reaction)
2- While stirring, keep adding base until no more will dissolve. (Guarantees that all the acid has been used up/excess base)
3- Filter out the excess base
4 - Transfer to evaporating basin
5 - Heat until crystals form on glass rod
6 - Allow solution to cool for a few days
7 - Filter out crystals
8 - Dry crystals using filter paper

51
Q

When would you use the Titration method?

A

When the base you are using is soluble, the insoluble base method wouldn’t work because you wouldn’t be able to filter out the excess.

52
Q

Crystallisation - You use this no matter which method you used to make the salt (but only for soluble salts)

A

1 - Transfer solution to an evaporating basin. Heat the salt solution and stir with a glass rod until crystals start to form (causes solution to become saturated).
2- Allow solution to cool for a few days (reduces solubility of solution).
3- Filter out the crystals.
4- Pat the crystals dry with filter paper.

53
Q

Making an insoluble salt by precipitation method

A

1- Mix two solutions together in a beaker. (Dissolve in water if they are solid)
2- Filter to collect the solid precipitate.
3- Wash with distilled water.
4- Pat the solid dry with filter paper.

54
Q

What type of solutions do metal oxides form when dissolved in water?

A

Alkaline

55
Q

What type of solutions do non-metal dioxides form when dissolved in water?

A

Acid

56
Q

Observation of carbon combusting

A

Orange glow, universal indicator in water turns from green to orange

57
Q

Observation of iron combusting

A

Burns very quickly with orange flame, universal indicator in water turns from green to dark green

58
Q

What are all metal oxides and hydroxides?

A

Bases

59
Q

Reasons for why the % of oxygen in air experiment result does not match.

A

Leaks in equipment letting more air (and therefore oxygen) into the experiment.
Metal wasn’t heated enough or for long enough for all the oxygen to react

60
Q

What do all bases react with acid to form?

A

salt and water

61
Q

Why is Ammonia (NH3) a base?

A

Can accept H+ to form ammonium ion

62
Q

What is an alkaline solution?

A

Alkali has dissolved and donated OH- into the water causing a pH greater than 7

63
Q

Observation of Hydrogen combusting

A

Squeaky pop

64
Q

What is produced when hydrogen is combusted?

A

Water

Chemistry (14 decks)

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