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Science Exam GR 10 > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

Anion

A

Negative Ion

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2
Q

Atom

A

Smallest particle of matter

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3
Q

Atomic Mass

A

Tells the mass of an element. Equal to the sum of the protons and neutrons

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4
Q

Atomic number

A

Equal to the number of protons and electrons in one atom of that element

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5
Q

Cation

A

Positive Ion

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6
Q

Coeffcient

A

The number in-front of the formula

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7
Q

What are the equations to calculate volume, density and mass? (Triangle)

A

Density: Mass/ Volume

Volume: Mass/ Density

Mass: Density x Volume

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8
Q

Compound

A

Pure substances containing two or more types of atoms chemically bonded together

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9
Q

Group

A

The columns on the periodic table

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10
Q

How can u tell by what coloumn an element is in how many electrons are on its outer valence?

A

The group number. When it reaches the teens, it becomes the second number

Example: 17 has 7 electrons in the outer valence

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11
Q

If an atom gains 2 electrons to become stable it’s charge is…

A

-2

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12
Q

If an atom looses 6 electrons to become stable, it’s charge is…

A

+6

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13
Q

Ionic Compound

A

A compound made of a metal and a non-metal

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14
Q

Ion

A

An atom that has gained or lost electrons to form a charged particle

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15
Q

Molecular/ Covalent Compound

A

A compound form by two or more non-metals

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16
Q

Neutron

A

Neutral subatomic particle

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17
Q

Period

A

The rows on the periodic table

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18
Q

Proton

A

Positive subatomic particle

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19
Q

Stable Atom

A

The valence shell of the atom is full

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20
Q

Subscript

A

The small number that indicated how many there are of that element

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21
Q

Valence

A

The outer most shell of an atom

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22
Q

What are the 2 rules to remember when finding the number of protons, neutrons and electrons?

A

1) The atomic number of the element, protons and electrons are all the same
2) Neutrons are found by subtracting the atomic number of the element from the atomic mass

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23
Q

What are the 3 subatomic particles?

A

Protons, Neutrons and Electrons

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24
Q

Where are the 3 different groups of elements describing how metallic they are? Where are they located on a periodic table?

A

1) Metals: Left Side
2) Non-metals: Right Side
3) Metalloids: Staircase

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25
Q

What are these groups ability to react with other elements?

  • Alkali Metals
  • Halogens
  • Noble Gases
A

Alkali Metals: Forms Compounds

Halogens: React With Alkali Metals

Nobel Gases: Don’t Form Compounds

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26
Q

What does a standard notation contain?

A

The Atomic Mass and Atomic Number on Top of and Below The Element Symbol

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27
Q

What do all the columns on the periodic table have in common?

A

The same number of electrons on the outer valence

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28
Q

Which subatomic particle is positive? Neutral? Negative?

A

Positive: Protons

Neutral: Neutrons

Negative: Electrons

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29
Q

Who first arranged the table of elements? How?

A

Dimitri Mendeleev

By Chemical Properties

30
Q

What are the 5 clues of a chemical change?

A

1) New colour
2) Heat or light is given off
3) Bubbles or Gas form
4) Precipitate (Solid) is formed
5) The change is diffucult to reverse

31
Q

What are the 3 Representative and Transition Element groups? Where are they located on a periodic table?

A

1) Representative Elements: Right and Left side
2) Transition Elements: Middle of the top section
3) Innertransition Elements: Bottom portion

32
Q

What are the 5 chemical groups? Where are they located on a periodic table?

A

1) Alkali Metals: First Column
2) Alkaline Earth Metals: Second Column
3) Halogens: Second Last Column
4) Noble Gases: Last Column
5) Hydrogen: First Element

33
Q

What are the 5 steps to writing a chemical formula for 2 elements?

A

Example: Oxygen and Barium

Step 1) Write both element symbols with a negative charge

Ba- and O-

Step 2) Write above both element symbols their charge

O2- and Ba2+

Step 3) Switch the charges and write them at the bottom of the element symbol without their signs

Ba2 and O2

Step 4) Reduce if possible

2/2 and 2/2

=BaO

Step 5) Write the new compound name using an “ide” ending

Barium Oxide

34
Q

What are the 3 basic rules to writng chemical formulas?

A

1) Metals combine with non-metals
2) Write the name of the metal first
3) The non-metal name changes to an “ide” ending

35
Q

Ionic Charge

A

The numerical value of the electric charge on the valence followed by a (+) or (-) sign

36
Q

Isoelectronic

A

Atoms and ions that have the same number of electrons

37
Q

Binary Compound

A

Compounds containing 2 elements the 2nd element ends in “ide”

38
Q

Polyatomic

A

A charged group of atoms which chemically act as a single particle with an overall ionic charge

39
Q

What do polyatomics combine with to form an ionic compound?

A

Metals, Hydrogen and other polatomic ions

40
Q

Acid

A

A substance that produces hydrogen ions when dissolved in water

Example: Lemon Juice

41
Q

Bases

A

Substances that produce hydroxide ions when dissolved in water

Example: Soap

42
Q

Neutralization Reaction

A

A chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react to form an ionic compound and water resulting in a PH closer to 7

Example: HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq)→ H20 + NaCl (aq)

43
Q

How are neutralization reations used to fix chemical spills?

A

Using different solutions to neutralize the chemicals and make the water etc. safe again

44
Q

How are neutralization reactions used with antacids?

A

Antacids neutralize stomach acid to relieve pain

45
Q

What is an example for every level of the PH scale? (13)

A

1) Stomach acid
2) Lemon juice
3) Apples
4) Tomatoes
5) Black Coffee
6) Milk
7) Pure water
8) Baking Soda
9) Borax
10) Milk of marnesia
11) Ammonia cleaner
12) Bleach
13) Drain Cleaner

46
Q

PH

A

A measure of how acidic or basic a solution is

47
Q

What rating on the PH scale is considered acidic?

A

less than 7

48
Q

What rating on the PH scale is basic/alkaline?

A
49
Q

What rating on the PH scale is considered neutral?

A

7

50
Q

How does PH affect soil?

A

Different types of plants grow better in different PH levels. The PH of soil can be changed to imporve growing conditions.

51
Q

What is acid leaching?

A

A method used to clean the soils that contain metals that is expensive and damaging to ecosystems

52
Q

What is Phytoremaition?

A

When plants grow and abosrb the metals in the soil

53
Q

What does a synthesis reaction look like?

A

A + B → AB

54
Q

What does a decomposition reaction look like?

A

AB → A + B

55
Q

What does a Double Displacement Reaction look like?

A

AB + XY → AY + XB

56
Q

What does a Single Displacement Reaction look like?

A

A + BC → AC + B

57
Q

Indicator

A

A coloured substance that reconizes how acidic or basic a a solution is by changing colour

58
Q

Litimus Paper

A

An indicator commonly used in the lab extracted from lichen

59
Q

What colour does litimus paper turn when an acid and a base is recognized?

A

Acids turn blue litimis paper red

Bases turn red litimis paper blue

60
Q

Universal Indicator

A

A mixture of idicators that produce a variety of colours in which cover the entire range of PH

61
Q

The Law of Conversation of Mass

A

The law states that in a chemical reaction, the total mass of the reactants is always equal to the total mass of the products

62
Q

Covalent Bonding

A
63
Q

What are the 7 Diatomics?

A

1) Hydrogen
2) Oxygen
3) Bromine
4) Fluorine
5) Iodine
6) Nitrogen
7) Chlorine

64
Q

What is the abrieviation to remember the diatomics?

A

HOBrFINCl

65
Q

What is a Multivalent Compound? How are they wrtten?

A

A metal on the periodic table with different valence electron options.

Written as: Metal + Roman Numeral of Valence + Non-metal

(ionic)

Example: Iron (II) Oxide

66
Q

What are the 4 steps to writing a molecular compound?

A

Example: Carbon & Sulphur

Step 1) Write the symbol of the element closest to the left side of the periodic table

C S

Step 2) Write the combining capacity above each element (In covalent bonding we call it combining capacity)

4 2

C S

Step 3) Criss Cross

C2S4

Step 4) Reduce if necessary

CS2

67
Q

How do you name a molecular compound?

A

Add a prefix by the number of each type of atom in the compound.

Metal + Prefix + Non-Metal

* When there is only one atom of the first element we do not use prefixes *

68
Q

What are the prefixes for naming molecular compounds?

A

1 = mono

2= di

3= tri

4= tetra

5= penta

69
Q

How do you wirte a word equation?

A

Take the words from the sentence and seperate them into the reactants and products making sure to include multivalents

70
Q

How do you write a skeleton equation?

A

Take your word equation and write it as the element symbols remembering diatomic elements

71
Q

What does a complete hydrocarbon combustion reaction look like?

A

CxHy + O2 → CO2 +H2O + Energy

72
Q

What does a combustion of an element reaction look like?

A

A + O2 → AO + Energy

Science Exam GR 10 (3 decks)

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