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things i need to study > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What is particle theory?

A

1.All matter is made up of tiny particles with empty space between them
2. Different substances are made up of different kinds of particles
3. Particles are in constant, random motion
4. The particles of one substance move faster as its temperature increases 5. Particles attract each other

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2
Q

What is a pure substance

A

a substance that his made of only one type of particle

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3
Q

What is a mixture

A

a substance that is made of two or more different types of particles

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4
Q

What is a mechanical mixture

A

a mixture in which you can distinguish different types of matter

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5
Q

What is a solution

A

uniform mixture of two or more pure substances

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6
Q

What are Alloys

A

a solid solution of two or more metals

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7
Q

What is a physical property

A

Characteristics of a substance that can be determined without changing its composition.

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8
Q

What is a physical change

A

a change in which no new substances are produced and the composition of the substance remains unchanged.

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9
Q

What is a chemical property

A

a characteristic of a substance that describes its ability to change (react) and form one or more new substances

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10
Q

What is a chemical change

A

a change in the starting substance / substances and the production of one or more new substances.

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11
Q

What is a qualitative property

A

a property described without measurements or numerical values

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12
Q

What is a quantitative property

A

a property with measured physical properties

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13
Q

What is a characteristic physical property

A

A physical property that is unique to a substance and that can be used to identify that substance

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14
Q

What is density

A

measure of how much mass is contained in a given volume

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15
Q

What is a melting point

A

temperature at which a substance changes state from solid to liquid

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16
Q

What is a freezing point

A

temperature at which a substance changes state from liquid to solid

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17
Q

What is a boiling point

A

temperature at which a substance rapidly changes state from liquid to gas

18
Q

What are the states of matter

A

Solid, liquid, gas

19
Q

What is an element

A

A pure substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler chemical substance by any physical or chemical means

20
Q

What is an element symbol

A

an abbreviation for a chemical element

21
Q

What is compund

A

pure substances composed of two or more elements that are chemically joined.

22
Q

What is metal

A

elements that are lustrous, malleable, ductile and conductive (heat & electricity) ­ left of staircase

23
Q

What is non-metal

A

elements, often gases or dull powdery solids, that are not conductive (heat or electricity) ­ right of staircase

24
Q

What is a metalloid

A

elements that have properties of both metals and non­metals ­ staircase

25
Q

What is a chemical falimy

A

a column (or group) of elements in the Periodic Table with similar properties

26
Q

What is a Period

A

a row of elements on the Periodic Table which shows a trend in properties

27
Q

What is an Alkali metal

A

1.Its very reactive
2.low density
3.soft
4. Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Caesium, Francium
5. 1st column

28
Q

What is an Alkaline earth metal

A

1.Very reactive(not as much a group one)
2.burns with bright colors(like fireworks)
3.soft(not as much as group one)
4. Beryllium, Magnesium, Calcium, Strontium, Barium, Radium
5.2nd column

29
Q

What are Halogens

A
  1. 17th column
  2. Very reactive
    3.Many are poisonous
  3. Chlorine, Iodine, Bromine, Fluorine
30
Q

What are Noble gases

A
  1. Very stable(unreactive)
  2. non-toxic except for RN
  3. Glows brightly when electricity is passed through it
  4. 18th column
  5. Helium, Neon, Xenon, Argon, Krypton, Radon
31
Q

what are Isotopes

A

they are examples of the same atom with the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons.

32
Q

What does the Atomic number =

A

its = the number of protons

33
Q

How do you get the Mass Number

A

By rounding the atomic mass to the nearest whole number value

34
Q

What is an atomic number

A

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the chemical properties of an element and its place in the periodic table.

35
Q

What is the equation for number of neutrons

A

n0 = mass # - #p+

36
Q

what is the equation for number of protons

A

p+ = mass# - #n0

37
Q

What is the difference between physical and chemical properties

A

Physical properties can be observed without changing the substance’s composition, while chemical properties describe how a substance interacts and changes to form new substances

38
Q

How do you measure density

A

D = m/v

39
Q

What are the unusual characteristic physical property’s of water

A
40
Q
A

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