Chemistry Flashcards
What is particle theory?
1.All matter is made up of tiny particles with empty space between them
2. Different substances are made up of different kinds of particles
3. Particles are in constant, random motion
4. The particles of one substance move faster as its temperature increases 5. Particles attract each other
What is a pure substance
a substance that his made of only one type of particle
What is a mixture
a substance that is made of two or more different types of particles
What is a mechanical mixture
a mixture in which you can distinguish different types of matter
What is a solution
uniform mixture of two or more pure substances
What are Alloys
a solid solution of two or more metals
What is a physical property
Characteristics of a substance that can be determined without changing its composition.
What is a physical change
a change in which no new substances are produced and the composition of the substance remains unchanged.
What is a chemical property
a characteristic of a substance that describes its ability to change (react) and form one or more new substances
What is a chemical change
a change in the starting substance / substances and the production of one or more new substances.
What is a qualitative property
a property described without measurements or numerical values
What is a quantitative property
a property with measured physical properties
What is a characteristic physical property
A physical property that is unique to a substance and that can be used to identify that substance
What is density
measure of how much mass is contained in a given volume
What is a melting point
temperature at which a substance changes state from solid to liquid
What is a freezing point
temperature at which a substance changes state from liquid to solid
What is a boiling point
temperature at which a substance rapidly changes state from liquid to gas
What are the states of matter
Solid, liquid, gas
What is an element
A pure substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler chemical substance by any physical or chemical means
What is an element symbol
an abbreviation for a chemical element
What is compund
pure substances composed of two or more elements that are chemically joined.
What is metal
elements that are lustrous, malleable, ductile and conductive (heat & electricity) left of staircase
What is non-metal
elements, often gases or dull powdery solids, that are not conductive (heat or electricity) right of staircase
What is a metalloid
elements that have properties of both metals and nonmetals staircase
What is a chemical falimy
a column (or group) of elements in the Periodic Table with similar properties
What is a Period
a row of elements on the Periodic Table which shows a trend in properties
What is an Alkali metal
1.Its very reactive
2.low density
3.soft
4. Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Caesium, Francium
5. 1st column
What is an Alkaline earth metal
1.Very reactive(not as much a group one)
2.burns with bright colors(like fireworks)
3.soft(not as much as group one)
4. Beryllium, Magnesium, Calcium, Strontium, Barium, Radium
5.2nd column
What are Halogens
- 17th column
- Very reactive
3.Many are poisonous - Chlorine, Iodine, Bromine, Fluorine
What are Noble gases
- Very stable(unreactive)
- non-toxic except for RN
- Glows brightly when electricity is passed through it
- 18th column
- Helium, Neon, Xenon, Argon, Krypton, Radon
what are Isotopes
they are examples of the same atom with the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons.
What does the Atomic number =
its = the number of protons
How do you get the Mass Number
By rounding the atomic mass to the nearest whole number value
What is an atomic number
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the chemical properties of an element and its place in the periodic table.
What is the equation for number of neutrons
n0 = mass # - #p+
what is the equation for number of protons
p+ = mass# - #n0
What is the difference between physical and chemical properties
Physical properties can be observed without changing the substance’s composition, while chemical properties describe how a substance interacts and changes to form new substances
How do you measure density
D = m/v
What are the unusual characteristic physical property’s of water
