Chemistry Flashcards
This theory was prevalent before the concept of energy and was used to explain thermal phenomena
Caloric Theory
suggested that hot objects contained more caloric which could be transferred to colder objects upon contact
Caloric theory
Scientists such as __contributed to the decline of caloric theory
Antoine Lavoisier and Count Rumford
are pure substances made of only one type of atom
Elements
consist of two or
more different atoms chemically bonded?
Compounds
are a combination of substances not
chemically bonded
Mixtures
cannot be broken down further by chemical means
Elements
Have fixed ratios of their constituent elements
Compounds
can be separated by physical means, such as filtration or distillation
Mixtures
is a form of potential energy stored within the bonds of chemical compounds
Chemical energy
When these bonds break or form energy is
released or absorbed
It is a type of potential energy that can be converted into other forms of energy
chemical energy
Classes of compounds
acids bases and salts
give off hydrogen ions
Acids
produce hydroxide ions
bases
form when acids and bases react
salt
taste sour and turn blue litmus paper red
Acids
taste bitter and feels slippery they turn red litmus paper blue
bases
are formed through neutralization reactions between acids and bases
Salts
involves categorizing substances based on their properties and composition
ClassifIcation of Matter
consist of two or more elements chemically bonded together in fixed ratios
Compounds
are combinations of two or more substances that can be separated through physical means
Mixture
detect radiation by ionizing gas inside the detector
Geiger-Muller counters
work by converting radiation energy into fLashes of light
Scintillation detectors
Radioactivity is typically measured in units of
becquerels (Bq) or curies (Ci)
can break DNA strands, causing mutations and cell death
Ionizing radiation
are particularly harmful to DNA
Double-strand breaks
utilizes ionizing radiation to target and destroy cancer cells
Radiation therapy
