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Science Cutie > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Mass vs weight

A

Mass: the quantity of matter an object contains

Weight: the pull of gravity on an object of given mass

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2
Q

Mixture(3) vs substances(2)

A

Mixture
- can be separated by physical means
- 2 or more diff substances
- When mixed together, still retain it’s own qualities

Substance
- consists of 1 element
- the composition remains the same throughout

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3
Q

2 types of mixture and differentiate them

A

Homogeneous: uniformly distributed; can be separated through evaporation

Heterogeneous: visually distinguishable

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4
Q

Describe a solution and give an example

A

It consists of solute (substance being dissolved) and a solvent. Filter is not possible. Salt and water

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5
Q

2 types of heterogeneous and define them and give example

A

Colloids: filter not possible, scatter light, very dense, remain suspended
- milk, smoke, cream

Suspension: “shake well before using”; filter is possible
-blood, oil and water

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6
Q

What ate the 2 types of substance

A

Elements and Compounds

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7
Q

Elements vs Compounds

A

Elements: 1 type of atom; cannot be broken down

Compound: formed when 2 or more substances are formed chemically

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8
Q

Elements vs Compounds

A

Elements: 1 type of atom; cannot be broken down

Compound: formed when 2 or more substances are formed chemically

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9
Q

3 types of elements (3)

A

Metals: hard and shiny elements; good conductor of heat and electricity; tend to lose electrons

Nonmetals: brittle; do not conduct heat and electricity; tend to gain/share electrons

Metalloids: borderline elements between metals and non metals

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10
Q

3 types of compounds

A

Acid, base, salt

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11
Q

Acid(4) vs Base(4) vs Salt (3))

A

Acid: has sour taste, turns blue litmus to red, pH < 7, when concentrated: pH below 0

Base: turns red litmus to blue, Alkalis: strong bases, ph > 7, when concentrated: pH above 14

Salt: produced through the reaction of Base and acid; dissolves in water; conduct electricity

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12
Q

These are the properties that distinguish a substance from another substance. Give examples

A

Intrinsic

Boiling Point, acidity, sweetness, hardness, odor, length

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13
Q

These are properties that depend on the amount of matter observed. Give examples

A

Height, weight, volume, shape, temperature, and length

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14
Q

Formula for energy

A

e = mc²

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15
Q

Value of speed of light

A

3×10⁸ m/s

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16
Q

Endothermic vs Exothermic

A

Endothermic: a reaction where energy is absorbed/taken in

Exothermic: reaction resulting in the release of energy

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17
Q

The procedure that is used to quantitatively mix acids and bases

A

Titration

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18
Q

The reaction by which equivalent qualities of an acid and a base react ti form a salt and water

A

Neutralization

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19
Q

The tendency of liquids to dissolve in other liquids

A

Miscibility

20
Q

The amount of solute that dissolves in a given amount of solvent to produce a saturated solution at a given temperature

A

Solubility

21
Q

How does heat flows?

A

From hot body to a cold body

22
Q

Celsius vs Kelvin

A

Celsius: + 273
Kelvin: -273

23
Q

The basic building blocks of matter

A

Atoms

24
Q

The number of protons in the nucleus of atom

A

Atomic number

25
Q

Sum of protons and neutrons

A

Mass number

26
Q

What do you call an atom that has the same number of protons but different number of neutrons?

A

Isotopes

27
Q

It is the distribution of electrons in the various energy levels

A

Electron configuration

28
Q

It is the average path that an electronic takes while traveling around the nucleus

A

Orbital

29
Q

What is Pauli’s Exclusion Principle?

A

Orbitals can hold no more than 2 electrons

30
Q

It is the electrons in the outermost principal energy level of an atom

A

Valence electrons

31
Q

Attractive forces is strongest in ____ and weakest in _______

A

Solid, gas

32
Q

This law states that the volume of a confined gas is inversely proportional to the pressure on it

A

Boyle’s Law

33
Q

In Boyle’s Law, when volume increases, pressure ______

A

Decreases

34
Q

This law states that the volume of a confined gas varies directly with the absolute temperature

A

Charles Law

35
Q

The attractive force which holds together the atoms of a molecule

A

Chemical bond

36
Q

3 kinds of chemical bonds and differentiate them

A

Ionic bond: transfer electrons
Covalent bond: sharing electrons
Metallic bond: electrons move freely in their valence shell

37
Q

Polar covalent bond vs non polar covalent bond

A

Polar: unequal sharing of electrons
Non polar: equal or almost equal sharing of electrons

38
Q

Avogrado’s number

A

6.02 × 10²³

39
Q

These are the substances that undergo a chem reaction

A

Reactants

40
Q

A type of chemical reaction wherein a single compound is formed as a result of the chemical combination of 2 elements or compounds

A

Composition reactions

41
Q

A type of chemical reaction wherein a compound is broken down into simpler substances

A

Decomposition reactions

42
Q

A type of chemical reaction wherein a more active element dispersed another from its chemical combination

A

Replacement Reactions

43
Q

A type of chemical reaction where reactants exchange ions, forming two different compounds

A

Double replacement reactions

44
Q

The property of colloidal to disperse or scatter a beam of light passing through it

A

Tyndall effect

45
Q

The constant random motion of tiny particles suspended in a fluid caused by molecular collisions

A

Brownian Movement

46
Q

Process by which solid attracts molecules of gas and liquid to the surface

A

Adsorption

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