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Revalida > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Carbon 12 atomic weight

A

1.99 x 10^–26 kg

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2
Q

1 amu

A

1/12 carbon-12 mass

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3
Q

____ de un atomo es aproximadamente igual al numero deprotones y neutrones en el nucleo

A

Atomic weight

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4
Q

____ de un atomo es igual al numero de protones en el nucleo

A

Atomic number Z

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5
Q

Substance that cannot be decompesed into simpler substances during ordinary chemical reactions

A

Element

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6
Q

Atomos de un elemento que pueden tener diferentes atomic weight

A

Isotopes
difieren solo en el numero de neutrones

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7
Q

A combination of elements

A

Compound

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8
Q

The smallest subdivision of an element of an element or compound that can exist in natural state

A

Molecule

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9
Q

The smallest subdivision of an element that can take part in a chemical reaction

A

Atom

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10
Q

Halogens and Noble gas are

A

Nonmetals

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11
Q

The ___ have poor electrical conductors and have little or no metallic luster.

A

Nonmetals

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12
Q

Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, Transition Metals, Lanthanides, Actinides are

A

Metals

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13
Q

____ have low electron affinities, are reducing agents, form positive ions, and have positive oxidation numbers, high electrical conductivity, luster, ductility and maleability.

A

Metals

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14
Q

Negative charged ions are known as

A

Anions

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15
Q

Positively charged ions are known as

A

cations

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16
Q

Anios lose electrons at the anode during elctrochemical reactions. Anions must lose electros to become neutral. Meanwhile, Cations gain electrons at the cathode in electrochemical reactions. Cations hani electrons to become neutral (T o F)

A

True

Al que le quitan el electron que termina siendo + es el cation
Al que le dan el electron que termina siendo - es el anion. Pq al inicio ambos son neutrales.

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17
Q

The charge on an anion is equal to the numer of electros taken from a neighboring atom. This charge is known as

A

Valence = numero de electrones que debe ser ganado for charge neutrality.

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18
Q

Type of bonding, in which electrostatic attraction is predominant is known as_____. One or more electrons are transferred from the valence shell of one atom to the valence shell of another.

A

Ionic Bonding

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19
Q

Diatomic - Common gases

A

H2, O2, N2, Cl2

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20
Q

Type of bonding in which sharing of electrons is the predominant characteristic, is known _____. Are typically formed in organic compounds.

A

Covalent Bonding

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21
Q

Both atoms forming a covalent bond of the same element share equally the electrons

A

Nonpolar covalent bond

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22
Q

Atoms that are not both the same element do not share the electrons equally

A

Polar covalent bond

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23
Q

For atoms in an elementary free state, the oxidation number is

A

zero

24
Q

For monoatomic ions, the oxidation number is

A

the charge

25
Q

The oxidation number of an atom that forms a covalent bond is equal to

A

the number of shared electron pairs

26
Q

Always composed of the same elements combined in a definite proportion by mass

A

Pure Compound

27
Q

Avogadro #

A

1 mol = 6.02 x 10^23
1 mol = 1 gram-mole

28
Q

The ___ of a molecule (compound) is the sume of the atomic weights of all elements in the formula

A

Formula Weight

29
Q

The ____ is the sum of the atomic weights of all atoms in the molecule.

A

Molecular Weight

30
Q

The ___ is the amount of substance (in g) that supplies one gram-mole of reacting units. MW/delta oxidation number

A

Equivalent Weight

31
Q

Equal volumes of all gases at the same temprature and pressure (specifically STP) contain equal numbers of gas molecules

A

Avogadro Hypothesis

32
Q

Los coeficientes enfrente de un elemento en una reaccion quimica son moleculas o moles. Pero en los gases, los coeficientes tambn representan el numero de volumen. (T o F)

A

Cierto

33
Q

In the ____, the substance loses electrons, and the substance become less negative. This occurs in the anode.

A

Oxidation

34
Q

Inthe ____, the substance gains electrons, and the substance becomes more negative. This occurs at th cathode.

A
35
Q

Balance Redox Eqtn

A
  1. Separar las ecuaciones en la de ox y la de red
  2. Balancear los elementos fuera de los ox y los hydrogen
  3. Luego balancear los ox con H2O
  4. Luego balancear los h con h+
  5. Luego balancear los electrones
  6. Las dos ecuacioenes redox y ox deben tener las mismas cantidades de electrones so mult por factor si es necesario
  7. Unir las ecuaciones y cancelar los electrones
36
Q

Rate Reaction se puede afectar por los siguientes factores

A

Tipos de sustancias en la reaccion
Exposed surface area
Concentrations
Temperatire
Catalysts

37
Q

Molaridad

A

M = n/V
n = moles del soluto
V = volumen de la solucion

38
Q

Any compound that dissociates in water into H+ ions.

A

Acid

39
Q

Any compound that dissociates water into OH- ions

A

Base

40
Q

Acid properties are

A
  1. Conducts electicity in aqueous solutions
  2. Sour Taste
  3. Turn blue litmus paper red
  4. have a pH between 0-7
  5. Neutralize bases
  6. Reacts with active metals to form Hydrogen
  7. Reacts with oxides and hydroxides of metals to form salts and water
  8. Reacts with salts to form new salt and new acid
41
Q

Base properties are

A
  1. Conduct electricity in aqueous solutions
  2. Have bitter taste
  3. Turn red litmus paper blue
  4. Have a pH between 7-14
  5. Neutralize acids, forming salts and water
42
Q

Acids and Bases formulas

A

pH = log10 (1/[H+])
pOH= - log10 [oH-} = log10 (1/[oH-])
[] - ionic concentrations in moles of ions per liter

43
Q

Molality

A

molality = mol solute / kg solvent

44
Q

molar fraction

A

x = mol A / total mol

45
Q

Faraday’s Laws of electrolysis

A
  1. The mass of a substance generated by electrolysis is proportional to the amount of electricity used.
  2. For any constant amount of electricity, the mass of substance generated is proportional to its equivalent weiht
  3. One faraday of electricity will produce one gram equivalent weight.
46
Q

Oxidarion Numbers of Atoms (Table)

A
47
Q

Ejercicios: Para encontrar la masa de un atomo de un elemento

A

Molar Weight / Avogadros #

48
Q

Ley que establece que a P = constante el volumen de un gas varia directamente con la temperatura absoluta

A

Charles Law

49
Q

Ley que establece que a T=constante el volumen de un gas varia inversamente proporcional con la presion absoluta

A

Boyle Law

50
Q

Ley que establece que la presion total de un gas es igual a la suma de las presiones ejecidad por los componentes individuales del gas (presiones parciales)

A

Dalton Law

51
Q

Ley que establece que en una room temperature, la suma de los heat capacities de elementos individuales de u solido son aproximadamente igual al total heat capacity del solido

A

Kopp Law

52
Q

Un gas se considera ideal cuando su presion es bien bajita y su tempratura bien alta. Bajo estas condiciones la distancia de las moleculas es grande y la interaccion es minima (T o F)

A

True

53
Q

Atomic radii in the periodic table

A

Decrease to the right
Increase to the bottom

54
Q

Electronegative in the periodic table

A

Increase to the right
Increase to the toop

55
Q
A

Revalida (15 decks)

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