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Lamees123 > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

5 properties of metals

A

Shiny,malleable,good conductors, solid at room temperature,hard,.

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2
Q

In group 7..

A

The melting and density increases as you go down the group and the reactivity decreases as you go down the group.

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3
Q

In group 1..

A

The melting point decreases as you go down the group and the density and reactivity increases as you go down the group.

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4
Q

What are compounds?

A

Contains atoms of 2 or more elements and these atoms are chemically joined together.

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5
Q

How are the elements in the periodic table ordered in?

A

The elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number (number of protons)
Horizontal= periods vertical = groups

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6
Q

What is a balanced equation?

A

Has the same number of each type of atom on each side of the arrow

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7
Q

What is an element?

A

Atoms that can not be broken down

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8
Q

Wha ti’s a metal?

A

An element that forms a positive ion

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9
Q

What is a non-metal?

A

An element which forms a negative ion

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10
Q

What is a native metal?

A

A metal which does not need to be extracted from its compound

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11
Q

What is reduction?

A

When an atom loses an oxygen atom

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12
Q

What is a ore?

A

Is a compound found in rock and is dug out of
the ground and contains enough métal that it is economical to extract it.

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13
Q

What is a base?

A

Is a substance that can react with acids and neutralise them. They are usually metal oxides, hydroxide and carbonates. If a base does dissolve in water, it is called an alkali

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14
Q

What are metal oxides?

A

They are metals that react with oxygen in the air. They are solid at room temperature and are bases unless they dissolve in water, they re an alkali

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15
Q

What are non-metal oxides?

A

When non-metals react with oxygen in the air. They are usually gases at room temperature and dissolve to form acids.

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16
Q

Word equation for acids and metals

A

Metal + acid ➡️ salt + hydrogen

17
Q

What is the equation that links metal carbonate and hydrochloric/ sulfuric/ nitric acid

A

Metal carbonate + hydrochloric acid ➡️ salt + water + carbon dioxide.

18
Q

What is the reactivity series?

A

Is a list of element in order of their reactivity. Least = platinum,gold,silver,copper,hydrogen,lead,tin,iron,zinc,carbon,aluminum,magnesium,calcium,sodium,potassium=most reactive

19
Q

What are displacement reaction of metals?

A

A more reactive metal will displace a less reactive metal from its compound. This is because a more reactive metal is more stable as an ion.

20
Q

What is an ion?

A

When atoms lose or gain electrons, they become ions

21
Q

3 types of bases:

A

Copper oxide, sodium hydroxide,calcium carbonate

22
Q

Word equation for all 3 types of bases

A

Metal oxide+ acid➡️salt ➕️ water
Metal hydroxide ➕️ acid ➡️ salt ➕️ water
Metal carbonate ➕️acid ➡️ salt ➕️ co2 ➕️ water

23
Q

Describe the test for co2 gas

A

Bubble the gas through lime water and watch for it to turn from colourless to a cloudy milk colour. This happens because the calcium carbonate reacts with the calcium hydroxide in limewater.

24
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

They speed up reactions and work by reducing the energy needed to start a reaction(activation energy)

25
Q

What must particles do to statt a chemical reaction?

A

Collide

26
Q

3 ways to increase rate of reaction

A

Increasing the concentration of liquid to increase the frequency of collisions,increase the SA to increase frequency of collisions and using a catalyst.

27
Q

What is a exothermic reaction?

A

Release energy to the surroundings causes a rise in temperature

28
Q

What is an endothermic reaction?

A

Take in energy from surroundings causing a drop in temperature

29
Q

What is oxidation?

A

A substance gains oxygen for example magnesium reacts with oxygen to produce magnesium oxide

30
Q

What is combustion?

A

Burning fuels which is an exothermic reaction. This happens when fuels which contain hydrocarbons which react with oxygen when they burn.

31
Q

What happens during combustion?

A

The hydrogen atoms combine with oxygen to make water vapour the carbon atoms combine with oxygen to make co2 which allows for the maximise amount of energy to be released.

32
Q

What happens during incomplete combustion?

A

Happens when there isn’t enough oxygen. Water vapour and co2 are still produced but carbon monoxide is also produced which means the maximum amount of energy is not released.

33
Q

What is thermal decomposition?

A

Breaking down the substance using heat which is an endothermic reaction using metal carbonates

34
Q

What is conservation of mass?

A

Total mass of reactants= total mass of products.

35
Q

Why can solids not be compressed?

A

Particles are close together and have no space to move

36
Q

What causes gas pressure?

A

When gas particles hit the walls of their container, they cause pressure. The faster the particles, the higher the gas pressure.

37
Q

What are isotopes?

A

They have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

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