Biology

Question 1

What 4 things do plants need to carry out photosynthesis?

Answer 1

Carbon dioxide,water,light and chlorophyll.

Question 2

What are the products of photosynthesis?

Answer 2

Glucose and oxygen

Question 3

What is the role of the epidermis?

Answer 3

Type of plant tissue that covers the surface of the plant.

Question 4

What is the role of the palisade mesophyll?

Answer 4

Tissue in the leaf where photosynthesis takes place

Question 5

What is the role of the spongy mesophyll?

Answer 5

Tissue in the leaf with air spaces between cells which are specialised for gas exchange

Question 6

What is the xylem for?

Answer 6

Narrow tubes in the leaf and stem which transport water and mineral ions thru the plant from the roots

Question 7

What is the phloem?

Answer 7

Living vessel that carries sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant

Question 8

What is the guard cell?

Answer 8

In pairs,the guard cells form the stomata on leaves.they can open and close the stomata as requited by the plant.

Question 9

What is transpiration?

Answer 9

The process by which plants lose water as vapour(evaporation), from the leaves to the stomata

Question 10

What is the stomata?

Answer 10

Pores on the leaves which allow gas exchange.

Question 11

Name the 5 leaf adaptions:

Answer 11

1.Thin so Provides a short distance for carbon dioxide to move by diffusion into the leaf
2.Contains chlorophyll which Absorbs light 3.Stomata : Allows carbon dioxide to move by diffusion into the leaf.
4.Guard cells
Function To open and close the stomata depending on the conditions
5.Network of tubes (xylem and phloem)
Function To transport water (xylem) and sugars (phloem)

Question 12

4 things that speed transpiration up:

Answer 12

Temp,light wind and humidity

Question 13

What is osmosis?

Answer 13

Movement of water molecules from a high concent to a low concent down a concentration gradient through a partially permeable membrane

Question 14

What is diffusion?

Answer 14

Movement of particles from a high concent to a low concent moving down a concentration gradient. This is a passive process so does NOT require energy.

Question 15

What is active transport?

Answer 15

Movement of particles which absorb mineral ions and go against the concentration gradient and energy IS required.

Question 16

What is chlorophyll?

Answer 16

Green pigment in leaves kept inside chloroplast needed needed for photosynthesis.

Question 17

What is pollination?

Answer 17

The transfer of pollen from a male part of a plant to the female part of the plant enabling fertilisation and the production of seeds, mostly done by an animal or wind

Question 18

What is pollen?

Answer 18

Male sex cell in plants

Question 19

What is the ovule?

Answer 19

Contains female egg cell in plants

Question 20

Wha ti’s the pollen tube?

Answer 20

The male gamete pollen is sent down the pollen tube to meet the female gamete in the ovule

Question 21

What can the sugar made in photosynthesis be used for?

Answer 21

Stored as starch,Turned into proteins or fats or used in respiration and used for cellulose.

Question 22

3 things that affect photosynthesis

Answer 22

Light intensity, temperature,carbon dioxide concentration

Question 23

Why are chloroplast in the leaf?

Answer 23

Adapted in the leaves to absorb energy transferred by sunlight

Question 24

When do respiration and photosynthesis take place?

Answer 24

R- all the time
P-only when there is light

Question 25

Word and symbol equation for photosynthesis

Answer 25

Carbon dioxide + water ➡️ glucose + oxygen
6CO + 6H20 ➡️ C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 26

What is the nucleus for?

Answer 26

Contains genetic material (DNA) controls cells activities

Question 27

Cell membrane ?

Answer 27

Controls cells movement of substances in and out of the cell

Question 28

Cytoplasm?

Answer 28

Where most chemical reactions happen

Question 29

Mitochondria?

Answer 29

Where most energy is released in respiration(where respiration takes place)

Question 30

Ribosomes?

Answer 30

Where protein synthesis happen

Question 31

Cell wall?

Answer 31

Strengthens the cell and supports the plant

Question 32

Chloroplast?

Answer 32

Absorb light energy for photosynthesis

Question 33

Vacuole

Answer 33

Filled with cell sap to provide support.

Question 34

What is an organelle?

Answer 34

Specific part within a living cell that serves a function eg. nucleus

Question 35

How to use a microscope:

Answer 35

Stain the object with iodine to make the smaple clearer to see. Put the slide onto the stage and start with the LOWEST magnification. Use the coarse focus to zoom into the cells. Increase the magnification and use the fine focus to see them clearly.

Question 36

What is mechanical digestion?

Answer 36

physically breaking down food substances into smaller particles to more efficiently undergo chemical digestion.

Question 37

What is an enzyme ?

Answer 37

Enzymes areproteins that help speed up metabolism, or the chemical reactions in our bodies

Question 38

What is the equation Linking magnification and actual and image size?

Answer 38

M=I/A A=I/M I=AxM

Question 39

Why were the cells not visible even though the correct magnification was used?

Answer 39

The solution needs to be covered in iodine to help the cells become visible

Question 40

How do you inhale?

Answer 40

As you inhale air, the diaphragm moves downwards
and intercostal muscles contract which causes the volume of the ribcage to increase and the pressure in lings to decrease.
Causes the air to rush in the lungs

Question 41

How do u exhale?

Answer 41

As u exhale, the diaphragm relaxes and moves upwards
causing the muscles to relax and the volume in lungs to decrease.
The pressure inside the lungs increase causing the air to rush out the lungs.

Question 42

5 adaptations of the lungs:

Answer 42

Trachea is stable- prevents lungs from collapsing.
Large alveoli sausage area- more space 4 diffusion
Membranes folding- maximise SA enhancing diffusion
Good blood supply- maintains the con.gradient and quickly transports oxygen.
Thin Membrane- short diffusion distance ,fast diffusion rate

Question 43

What is a prokaryotic + eukaryotic cell?

Answer 43

Prokaryotic- no nucleus eg. Bacteria
Eukaryotic- nucleus eg.plant/animal cell

Question 44

What is anaerobic respiration and the equation?

Answer 44

It happens in microbes. They need to release energy for respiration from glucose.
Glucose➡️lactic acid. This doesn’t require oxygen but needs glucose

Question 45

Explain the process of aerobic respiration and the equation?

Answer 45

Glucose and oxygen react to produce Co2 and water to release energy and takes place in the mitochondria. Energy is released from glucose.

Question 46

State 4 functions of the skeleton

Answer 46

Support body, protection of vital organs,movement, making blood cells

Question 47

2 main types of blood cells

Answer 47

Red- carry oxygen
White- destroy harmful microbes

Question 48

Whqt are the different enzymes and the different foods they break down:

Answer 48

Proteins are broken down into amino acids by protease enzymes
Lipids are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol by lipase enzymes
Cards broken into sugar by carbohydrate enzymes.

Question 49

What is bioaccumulation?

Answer 49

The build up of toxic material through a food chain with devastating effects on the top carnivore.